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Geology. — "Notes on the So imettui- M ounUiln.s in the MiiKthas.sa." 

 (First part.) By Mr. M. KorEKBF.Rfi. (Coninninicaled hy Prof. 



C. E. A. WiCHMANN.) 



Since the lust urcat eni|>lioii of So|)oelaii in 1833 M i?i'eat traii- 

 quillilv lias prevailed in the so intensively voleanie eentral-distiict 

 of the Minahassa, which in an area, liardly as large as the Dnlch 

 province of Drenle, numbers at least 18 eruptive seats. ( )i)ly Sopoetan 

 itself and the cialer-laUe Linou continued to show some activity, 

 though limited lo fumaroles and as for Sopoetan possi!)ly also to 

 sporadic slight ash-eru]>tions -). The tendency to diminution of \'ol- 

 cauism seems likewise to he indicated hy a gradual declining of the 

 hot springs. 



In the last years liowexer a series of pheiKunena ha> pro\ed a 

 i-eanimation of volcanic activity. On 29 Mai-ch 1893 at al>out 5.30 

 1). m., according to a couinniuicatioii of .Mi'. K. («okdmlokd, (Nat. 

 Tijdschr. v. X. Indii' ^'ol. I d \' |>. 2()l)j, au<l the descrii»lion of the 

 Sakasins (Di-. 1^. and Dr. V. Sakasin "Entwurf einer geologisch-geo- 

 graphischen IJeschreilmng der Insel Celebes" ') i>. 28 — 35) in the 

 saddle between the Lokon and the smallei- \-olcauo Eni|)(»n.ii- suddeidy 

 an old bocca resumed activity, and in the neighlioui-hood some new 

 fiimaioles were formed, without the least seismic motion. 



This was followed in 1901 by tho formation of a new solfatara 

 in the Sopoelan-mounlains, umler sti'ong seismic disturbance all over 

 the Minahassa, which uas reported by us in the "Vei-slag \an hcl 

 Mijnwezen" of the fust quarter of that year rap))endi\ of the 

 Javasche Courant of 1(3 -luli 1901 N". 55. j). 13—14,. and in the 

 "Verslag over de Geologiscdie en Mijidxmw kundige ondei-zoekingen 

 in de residentie Menado" durinu the year 1901. (Jaarboek v. h. 

 Mijnwezen 31^' jaargang. 1902, p. 147—148). 



Accordinii' to a statement by Mr. A. LiMBiiui of Tomoiiou, Nat. 

 Tijdschr. V. N.-Indië, Vol. LXY p. 125), in 1904 the Mahawoe-volcano 

 showed a somewhat intensified activity. After the last eruption of 



1) Not in 1838; after Prof. Dr.. A. Wichma.nn, (Mon. Ber. d. D. Geol. Ge.-. Vol. G2, 



i!)10, p. 502). 



-I. in 1845, (Natuurk. ».^ Geneesk. Arch, vour Xedeilaiidscli hicfië, 3. 1846 p. 6();i), 

 and in the night of 20 to 21 and on 24 June 1890, in the report about that year 

 in the Nat. Tijdschr. v. N Indie Vol. LI p. 321 brought into connection with Ibe 

 eruption of the Makian-volcano on 29 and 30 June, but probatjly rightly attributed 

 to Sopoetan by Wichmanx and tlie Sarasins. 



■') On account of this work containing an elahorate compendium of the older 

 connnunicalions about the volcanoes of the Minahassa, references may conveniently 

 be left out here. 



