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mnd-volccinocs, bul then ii j^reat number of geysers belong to the 

 volcanoes. Onr soltalare unites the characteristics of the c.xplosion- 

 cvaters, the mud-craters and the geysers. A heightened rim, the sign 

 of continued real eruptive action, fails however, as also at the older 

 Walclang; eruptive activity took |)lace only at the breakijig out but 

 not afterwards. 



Whereas the authors represent the Walèiang as a lake and 

 mention that it has no outlet, it may be stated that this small 

 basin is in reality a rather abrupt expansion of the upper dry |)art 

 of the Masem-ravine. On the photogram by Ri?s^e (o.c. Heilagebl.Vl), 

 this gully can be seen both upward and downward ; on the down- 

 wardside the solfatare is however barred by a low saddle, rising 

 until + 20 M. above water-level, as it were a low dam, which in 

 case of highly increased water-afilux evidently might serve as an 

 overflow. It is oidy at some distance downward that the creek itself, 

 fed by small branches, becomes water-bearing. The name of the 

 brook however indicates already that in it, underground at least, 

 part of the tai-t, acid-loaden water of the solfatare assembles. Muddy 

 half-dried tongues of land, especially on the left bank, show that the 

 level of the water must have been higher in former times than it 

 is now, whereby the formation of the overflow may be explained. 



At the solfatare of 1901 the chasm is situated in the left bank a 

 few meters apart from the brook; the basin is not open in the 

 direction of the brook, but in the downward corner there is a narrow 

 connection with the bed and through this the emerging mud-water 

 discharged itself as a rather rapid stream into the clear water 

 of the Pentoe. It was observed at Amoerang, where this mountain- 

 stream reaches the coastal plain that the water suddeidy turned 

 muddy, and if the exact moment had been noticed, this might have 

 been of use to give some information on the initial history of the 

 solfatare. 



The hot spi'ing Roemcrcga on the Pentoe downward, Avhicli gives 

 evidence of being an old solfatai*e by at present ojdy faint \apours, 

 smelling somewhat of sulphur, is again iji the immediate neighbour- 

 hood of the brook-bed. 



The Sakasins mention a second sollatare also on the Sempoe-side 

 northward ol" the central elevation and thus here also inside the 

 circularwall. Whether it lies also on the bank of the brook, here 

 the Masem, I do not know. That such is however the case with 

 all three solfatares under discussion most surely cannot be attributed 

 to mere chance, and rather seems to indicate that the proper seat 

 of the acti\itv of which the solfatares are the results must lie in 



