( 444 ) 



On tlic other liand we have the laboratory experiment. This is 

 not affected by the limitations and the dangers which render the 

 practical ex})eriment so difficult, but can be freely pursued. Now, 

 it is striking how trifling, in some works, is the influence which 

 the laboratory experiment can exert on the process of manufacture. 

 The cause of this unfortunate state of affairs is, in my opinion, 

 brought about by the fact that those who conduct the investigation 

 make too little use of the peculiar advantages which the laboratory 

 experiment offers over the practical one. They imitate far too closely 

 the actual process of manufacture. This, certainly gives more chance 

 of an immediate success, but on the other hand they rarely attain 

 to more than what has already been found out by the practical 

 experiment. 



The laboratory experiment ought to be put on a broader basis ; when 

 once the scientific principles of the questions involved are under- 

 stood, one may proceed to experiments which are connected more 

 closely with a particular manufacturing process. For instance, only 

 a somewhat broadly conceived investigation of the system lime, 

 sugar and water may elucidate the many phenomena occurring in 

 certain processes in the sugar industry. Not in every case, howe- 

 ver, for it has been })roved of late, owing to the experience gained 

 in the modified method for obtaining the "raw juice", that the influence 

 of the non-sugars occurring in the solutions obtained must not be 

 neglected. But this does not alter the fact that the behaviour of the 

 diree chief components of the complex present must be known first 

 before a further investigation can take place in a rational manner. 

 In this cummunicatio]! there is only a question of lime, sugar, and 

 water. The intention really goes further and aims at investigations 

 in the system of these three substances and carbon dioxide. Of the 

 chemistry of the process taking place when treating the mixture of 

 ^sugar solution and lime with carbon dioxide but very little is 

 definitely known. The investigation communicated here is, however, 

 limited to a portion of the diagram of lime, sugar and water at the 

 temperature of 80°. 



The investigation was based on the following view of the phase 

 rule. When deducing the same a start was made from known facts 

 and the result of many preliminary experiments. The latter are not 

 communicated as they were, quantitatively, but roughly carried out. 

 The definite experiments for upholding the argument set up a priori 

 are communicated further on. 



Saccharose, calcium oxide, and water form a ternary system and 

 as is well-known many more or less stable compounds in which 



