( ^54 ) 

 TABLE 4. 



of the lime. The values tor the polarisation of the liquid phases 

 exhibit this clearly. The calciuni hydroxide present, therefore, exerts 

 an accelerating influence on the decomposition of the saccharate 

 which increases with the amount of lime present ^). Other experi- 

 ments also confirmed this observation ^). 



The behaviour of the sugar solutions which have been treated 

 with lime at a low temperature and heated, after filtration, to 80° 

 may now be explained in this manner. In the cold soUition are 

 found molecules of calcium hydroxide, trisaccharate and other sac- 

 charates richer in sugar. On warming, trisaccharate but also calciuni 

 hydroxide may preci|»ilate. Now we have observed that a lime- 

 containing, clear solution behaves differently in accordance with the 

 time it has stood at the ordinary temperature. The liquid used in the 

 experiments (table 2) had been freshly prepared, whereas that of 



1) In the experiments, to which table 2 relates, we have in the same manner 

 added calcium liydioxide to bottle jN". G in order that the equilibrium might be 

 attained sooner, as a prolonged shaking did not seem advisable on account of 

 the perceptible decomposition of the sugar. 



~) That the presence of solid calcium hydroxide has an influence on the pheno- 

 mena occurring on warming sugar solutions treated with lime has been commu- 

 nicated by Pellet (Bull. ass. chim. 13, 700 (1896)) and was recently confirmed 

 by experiments of H. Glaassex (Zeitschr. d. Vereins der Deutschen Zuckerindustrie 

 (1911) 489). Claassen (1 c. p. ')0i) remarks: "Dass der ungelöst gebl>ebene 

 Kalk eine derartige Wirkung auf den gelösten Kalk ausübt ist jedenfalls eine auf- 

 fallende Erscheinung ; der ungelöste Kalk wirkt hier ahnlich wie Anregekristalle 

 in einer übersattigten Lüsung desselben Stoffes, gleichzeitig abcr aucli zersetzend 

 auf die Verbindung des Kalks met Zucker". Glaassen, therefore, has already 

 observed the phenomenon in principle ; to us it seems, however, that he was not 

 fully aware of its significance. 



Phenomena of an analogous nature are known to occur in sugar solutions 

 treated with strontium hvdroxide. 



