858 



has a comparative! J longer trunk and shorter limbs, broader hips, 

 narrower shoulders, internally a disproportionally more slenderly 

 built skeleton, and less powerful muscles, on the other hand a more 

 fully developed layer of fat in the skin, which rounds off the forms. 

 Thus equal quantities of weight do not mean the same thing in the 

 two sexes. Especially the muscles constitute a smaller part of the 

 body weight for woman, the smaller because the arms and legs^ 

 to which for both sexes the four fifth part of the entire muscle 

 weight belongs (for man even slightly more), are also shorter for 

 woman. 



With the smaller percentage of muscle weight of the female body 

 must necessarily be in connection a disproportionally slighter quantity 

 of the nervous system lultk regard to the body melglit. The main 

 point is, therefore, to examine whether the small quantity of brain 

 in proportion to the body weight for the human female sex, in 

 comparison with other female Mammals, corresponds to the dis- 

 proportionally slighter muscularity. 



This appears to be actually the case; in proportion to the lueiglit of 

 the muscles the ratio of the brain weight between the two sexes of 

 the human species is the same as between the two sexes of any 

 other animal species and between individuals of the same sex. The 

 sexual dimorphism of the brain weight of Man and certainly of 

 many if not all the Monkeys exists only in relation to the body 

 weight. For most animal species, whether or no they are externally 

 sexually dimorphous, cerebral dimorphism is lacking, also in com- 

 parison with the body weight, probably even for Pinnipeds, though 

 of some species of this order the males are on an average three or 

 four times heavier than the females. 



The best data that we have at our disposal concerning the 

 muscularity of the male and the female body, were furnished by 

 Friedrich Wilhelm Theile and Hermann Welcker, published only 

 after their deaths, of the latter by A. Brandt ^), of the former by 

 W. His'). 



Through his determinations of the weight of the separate 

 muscles of a considerable number of corpses of adult men 

 and women and children, carried out with scrupulous accuracy, 

 Theile has raised to himself a lasting memorial. For our purpose 



1) Welcker — Brandt, I.e., p. 38—40. 



•) F. W. Theile, Gewichtsbestimmungen zur Entwickelung des Muskelsystems 

 und des Skelettes beim Menschen. Nova Acta der Ksl. Leop. -Carol. -Deutsclien 

 Akademie der Naturforscher. Band 46, N^. 3, Halle 1884, p. 133—471. 



