( 214 ) 



Geology. ''I)ii (in ciinirnh'nt of tlu> (Vomer Forost-Ucd, in the 



Xetherlands.^' Vi\ Prof. lu(;. Dcbois. (Coiviuiuiiicah'd 1>\ Prof. 

 K. Martin). 



On tlic eastern tVoiiliei- of llie Nctlierlaiids, aloiiii- llie middle third 

 part of' the |n-()\iiic(» of' Limliiirii', there is the steep west border of' 

 a plateau, made iij) of gravels aJid sands, which, for the greater i>art, 

 is enclosed between the valleys of the Mense, the Niers and the Roer 

 and rises to an average height of about thirty meters al)Ove the adjoining- 

 low land. That border is falling within the Dutch frontier opposite 

 Veido, Tegelen and Helfeld, furthei', east of Swalmen and of Herken- 

 bosch. The |)lateau is a j)iece of a formerly cohei-enl, much larger 

 plateau, extending to Nimeguen ajid Cleves, of which, according to 

 Dr. LoRiK, the Veluwe is also a part. This autiior is inclined to suppose, 

 that the large mass was still entire at the time of the priuci|)al 

 extension of the Scandinavian Ice-sheet and that oidy after the retreat 

 of that ice-sheet, by melting, the great eroding i)rocess began, which 

 divided it into a number of pieces and also assailed each of these ; 

 so that under consideration was partly divided by the Swalm and 

 the Nette with their affluents. Dr. Lori?; showed that the northern 

 and eastern parts of the plateau do not merely consist of "Jlhine- 

 diluvium", as Starino sup|)osed for the whole till Nimeguen, but 

 that these northern aiid eastern parts expose traces of having 

 been reached by the Scandinavian Ice-sheet of the great Olacial 

 Epoch, in consequence of which they consist, at least at the surface, 

 of "Mixed Diluvium". This is not the case with the western piece 

 of the plateau of gravel, which we consider now more particularly. 

 In this only stones ai-c found, which have been transported by the 

 Rhine and its large triluitary, the Meuse ; further, the horizontal 

 stratification has not beeji disturbed by an ice-sheet having moved 

 over the plateau. 



Nevertheless here too the characteristics of the co-operation of ice 

 in the transpoi-f of the sand and the gravel, out which the mass 

 has been made up, are not wanting, but these occur to great depth 

 in it, till 30 metres and more below the surface, and, as already 

 stated above, the horizontal structure has not been disturbed by 

 an ice-sheet lia\ing moved over the surface. This stratification, with 

 fluviatile cin-rent-bcdding, can be observed in a number of j)laces 

 where gravel is dug. At the same time there are repeatedly found, 

 among sand and finer gravel, big angular stones. 



So 1 observed in a gravel-pit in the Jammerdaalsche Heide, opposite 

 Tegelen, the following boulders, which were found on an area of 



