( 373 ) 



list ^) are of no iinportaiioo). TIio uiiorjiial (iui-alioii of' the phases 

 has, of course, been taken into aecoiint. The [)erio(ls have been 

 arranged in four groups, A, B, C, I) in order of decreasing cold. 

 We then find the foUowinu' values of llic fV(M|ueii('v \\n- one \e:,\v. 

 The values in parentheses are derived from those periods only for 

 which the weights assigned by Nkwcomb (I.e. [>. 7) to the detei-in- 

 ination of the maximum and minimum are together at least equal to 8. 



T A B L E II. 



Dist rihul ion of cold winters over the phases of tiie 11 -year sunsput period. 

 (Gi-oujis arranged in order of coldness). 



A B C D 



m j 1.50 (1 07) 0.7.-> (0.70) 0.12* (0.12'^) 0.17 (0.17) 



ap 1.13 (l.«) 1.1 :i (1.13) 0.00 (0.r)0) 0.:>2 (O 3'2) 



M 1.08 (I.TjO) 1.25 (1.25) 0.33 (0.25) 0.25 (U.25) 



dp, 0.98 (1.09) 21 (0.21) 0.70 (0.05) 0..57 (0.57) 



dp^ l.OG (1.03) 0.4S (O.iS) 0.30 (0.22) 24 (0 24) 



For all the groups together, and also for the two coldest groups, 

 we find a curve corresponding with the sunspot curve; for the two 

 mild groups the cold-niaximuui seems to be displaced towards the 

 descending phase. This })henomenon however does not necessarilv 

 depend on a really different distribution of the cold winters within 

 the eleven-year periods, no more than the high value of the minimum 

 in the coldest group. The reason probably is that the variations of 

 temperature precede or follow those of solar activity by a certain 

 interval of time. 



This is apparent from a comparison of the temperature variations 

 with the curve of the Relativzahlen for the sunspots. In the diagram 

 fig. I, A is the latter curve according to R. Wolf, B is the second 

 half of the temperature-curve the period being taken at 356 years, 

 C is the temperature curve, if a period of J 78 years is adopted, D 

 is the last 178-year period alone ^). In presenting these curves it is 

 not my intention to contend that they agree with each other in 

 details, — as is the case with the curves of the variations of magnetic 

 elements and the sunspots. Such a parallelism could not be expected 



1) R. Wolf. Astron. Mittheilungen LXXXII (1893). 



') In drawing llie curves B, C and D no other process of smoothing was 



a \ 2b \ c 

 applied than tliat given by the formula b, = . . Tlie cold-coefficients liave 



been taken for eacli year, only in llie case of D for every two years on account 

 of the small number. 



The scale is : coefficient unity = iO Relativzahlen. 



