( 254 ) 



.'!"'. only llie phases A a ml 1» !i>riii l\V(t li(nii(l pliascs ; A iiiul 

 13 or B and (J do not do so, at least in stable conditions. 



4"'. the coniponenis in pairs never give two liquid phases at 

 least in a stable condition. 



Examples of the first three cases have been investigated by 

 SciiREiNEMAKERS ') ; purpose of this investigation was to examine 

 also an example of the last mentioned case. Not until the inves- 

 tigation vk'as nearly finished, did there appear an essay by Snell 

 on potassiumchloride, acetone and water, by which an example of 

 the fourth case is given ~). 



Mr. DE Bruijn examined the equilibriums in the following- systems : 



Ammoniumsulphate, ethylalcohol and water. 



Potassiumcarbonate, methylalcohol and water. 



Potassiumcarbonate, ethylalcohol and water. 



Sodiumsulphate, ethylalcohol and water. 



Guided by the tlieory of Sciireinemakers on equilibriums in 

 systems of three components, in which two liquid phases occur, ho 

 succeeded in making a sketch of the equilibriums in the systems 

 examined. The composition of the phases is represented in the 

 usual manner by means of a triangle; if the temperature-axis is 

 placed vertically on the phne of th<i t iangle, we get a represen- 

 tation in space. 



I. The si/sf(')ii : (Dnnioiiiiini.'nilpJiaU'j cUttjMcoliol and Viifer. 

 Above ±8° the general form of the isothcrinals is as given in fig. 1. 

 The isothermal consists nacnely of three parts : RO, OPB and BQ, 

 meeting in and B in an angle. RO and BQ indicate all possible 

 solutions, that can be in equilibrium with the solid (NITj)2 SO4. 

 OPB is the connodal line with the plait-point P ; it indicates 

 therefore the solutions that coexist; the points and B arc the 

 two liquid phases which are not only in equilibrium with each 

 other, but also with solid (lsIT<)„S0^. Jn case of a change in the 

 temperature the difterent parts of the isotherm are displaced ; at a 

 liigher temperature /^ 0/B increases ; at a fall in the temperature 

 ^ OZB diminishes till at ± S" the lines OZ and ZB coincide. 

 Tiie points 0, B and P coinciding at this temperature, the iso- 

 thermal consists at this and lower temperatures of only one curve 

 KO and BQ coming in each other's prolongation ; there remain 

 therefore only the equilibriums of solid salt with solution. Mr. DE 

 Bruijn has determined such an isothermal at 6,°5. Two li(iuid 



') Zeitschr. f. pliys. Clieiii. 85 5t3 SC i-il 8? ■jr, (IS'.IS) 83 111 (IS'J?). 



-) Jourii. of phy». Chem. 8 457 (IS9SJ. 



