942 
she saw the battle developing to the West, and continuing in a 
northerly direction. 
The reports from the south originate from the battlefield in Bel- 
gium or northern France, and indeed generally indicate a southerly 
direction as origin. The three reports in Groningen and Friesland 
are distinguished in the first place by the time of observation, which 
falls between 2 and 4 p.m., hence exactly the time of the battle 
in the North Sea, and indicate northwesterly or southwesterly 
directions. The distance from the most westerly places of observa- 
tion to the line of battle is about 160 KM. Evidently the first area 
of audibility did not extend to the North Sea Isles. 
October 18. The English naval guns were reported to have fired 
from war-ships lying 4 KM. off the coast at Nieuport. 
With the relatively scarce reports from Zealand, the numerous 
reports from the province South-Holland form a striking contrast; 
these reports begin at the circle of 160 KM. round Ypres, on which 
circle a report of vibrating window-panes occurs. The reports of 
heavy sounds on the 196 KM. line have been connected with the 
naval guns. We shall see that a distance of about 200 KM. is met 
with every time when these guns have been in action. 
October 2254, Very heavy was on this day the roar of cannons 
in Zealand — according to one observer more intense than during 
the siege of Antwerp. The observations at Zierikzee and Stavenisse, 
where one noted very heavy sound, the other nothing at all, 
might be taken to indicate that some cause put a sharp limit to the 
first region of audibility. But the circumstance that the observation 
at Zierikzee was made on a light-house may have had a certain 
influence. 
The sudden ceasing of reports past the limit of 100 KM. makes 
the reappearance at about 160 KM., where also heavy sounds are 
reported (Noordwijk) the more striking. It is open to doubt whether 
the second region of audibility had really as sharp an outer limit 
as would seem. In Limburg the line of 218 KM. runs along our 
frontier, and on the whole the reports are scanty. 
October 24%. As compared with the simple picture offered by 
the 22ed of October, this day at first seems very perplexing. However, 
the reports along the New Waterway, now met with for the first 
time, find their natural explanation in the fighting at Lille (R.) — 
there are two silent regions here, and both have as outer limit a 
circle with a radius not far from 160 KM. It is open to doubt 
whether the line of 200 KM. has any meaning here. 
October 28". According to the reports, no less than 16 English 
