978 
morphologisches Jahrbuch. Bnd. XIII; 5. A. ARENDSEN Hein, Contri- 
butions to the anatomy of Monodon Monoceros, Verhandelingen van 
de Kon. Akad. v. Wetensch. te Amsterdam. 2de Sectie, Deel XVIII. 
N°’. 3—4). Although Cetaceans do not ruminate, their stomach, like 
that of ruminant animals, consists of several divisions (in Phocaena 
four). In many, including Phocaena, the first only, like the 
oesophagus, has cutaneous, glandless mucous membrane, the other 
divisions are very rich in glands. The fact that in ruminants this 
nucleus is much better developed in comparison is undoubtedly to 
be ascribed to the fact that the musculature of some divisions of 
the stomach, e.g. that for the process of chewing the cud, is stronger 
than in Cetaceans. 
As regards the absence of the nucleus ambiguus spinally from 
the calamus | wish firstly to remark that in general the bulbar 
motor centra in question stretch but slightly spinally from the 
calamus, and in the second place to point out that in Phocaena the 
nucleus crico-arytaenoideus lateralis, which is innervated by the 
nervus recurrens, is lacking (WeBer, see above). The strong pharynx 
musculature and the considerable development of the musculus 
thyroideus (see above works), explain the extensive development of the 
frontal part of the nucleus ambiguus, the motor IX nucleus. The 
continuation of this with nucleus VII, which in mammals has been 
demonstrated for a part in the dog, is otherwise a phenomenon also 
met with in reptiles and many fishes (KAPPERS). 
In no mammal, so far as I know, has the tongue nucleus preserved 
such a pronounced bird-type as in porpoises. Whereas I was able 
to show the connection between nucleus XII and the cervical grey 
matter in Camelides and Camelopardalus giraffe spinally from the 
calamus, in the porpoise only the frontal half of the tongue nucleus 
is free, and only there is it at the place where we know it to be in other 
mammals, viz. laterally from the fase. long. pos., directly below the 
ependyma. Its spinal half, which is joined to the cervical grey matter, 
thereby lies in a more ventral level than in other mammals. This 
phenomenon is explained by the fact that Cetaceans have no organ 
of taste, or at least a very poorly developed one. The sense of 
taste in mammals is largely localised in the taste buds of the 
tongue. Rawitz has demonstrated that taste-buds are even entirely 
wanting on the tongue of Delphinus Delphis. (Beitrage zur mikros- 
kopischen Anatomie der Cetaceans II, Ueber die Zunge von Delphinus 
Delphis, Internationale Monatschrift für Anatomie und Physiologie. 
Bnd. XX 1903). In most mammals it has worked itself quite free 
from the cervical grey matter neurobiotactically in a more fronto- 
