1196 
cells. The pars lumbalis is unusually rich in cells (fig. 7), in the 
pars sacralis they are less numerous and more sparse. 
Fig. 7. Canis familiaris. Nervus sympathicus, Pars lumbalis. 
The pars cervicalis trunei sympathiei of the horse has been 
examined repeatedly by myself as to the presence of paraganglia 
and invariably with negative results, although everywhere in the 
ganglion cells much pigment was found, frequently accumulated at 
one pole of the cells, sometimes at both poles. In old animals con- 
stant cells were also present which seemed to be in decay and 
remains of degenerated cells could be demonstrated. 
As regards the occurrence of microscopic ganglia in sympathetic 
nerves, we have a few communications on this subject. BARABOSCHKIN *) 
found them in the nervus vertebralis of the human body, Manx *®) 
in the horse, in the nervus jugularis, a rammification from the 
ganglion cervical superius which gives off threads to IX, X, XI, and 
XII. In the same exhaustive treatise Mannu describes a ganglion 
accessorium in the ramus cardicus inferior of the horse. A similar 
observation was made by myself, the ganglion in question was as 
large as a small pea. 
It is known that in all animals there are many exceptions to 
what is considered the general rule regarding the occurrence, the 
form and the development of the sympathetic ganglia. This is very 
strikingly demonstrated by the researches of BARABOSCHKIN which 
were made on 128 preparations of the cervical sympathicus of 
man. BARABOSCHKIN then found 52 times 3, 63 times 4, twice 2 
and 10 times 5 cervical ganglia in one case he describes a 
1) W. S. Barasoscuxin. Die Anatomie und Topographie des Halsteils der N. 
Sympathicus und die Operationen am Sympathikus bei der Basedowschen Krank- 
heit und bei der Epilepsie. Doktor Dissertation der medizin. Fakultiit zu Moskau, 1903. 
2?) A. Mannu. Richerche anatomo-comparative sul Sympathico cervicale nei 
Mammiferi, Internationale Mopatschrift für Anatomie und Physiologie 1913, Bnd. 
XXX, Heft 4/6. 
