1374 
of rotation for the y-axis is =O, or, if necessary, compensates a 
similar moment of rotation in consequence of the tension of the 
tissues. Consequently it cannot be correct, that the m. obliq. sup. 
Operates by preference when looking down in adduction. On the 
contrary the signification of the m. obliq. sup. is to be found chiefly 
in the fact that, cooperating with the m. rectus inf., it is able, when 
looking down, to satisfy, as much as possible, all the requirements of 
the law of Listing, and of the binocular vision, even if the resist- 
ances of the tissues are somewhat more irregular, or the relations 
for rendering binocular single vision possible are somewhat move 
difticult. The m. rectus inf. alone could never satisfy all these 
requirements. 
Chemistry. — “On Cathode Scattering in Electrolysis’. By Dr. 
A. H. W. Aten. (Communicated by Prof. A. F. HorLeMAN). 
(Communicated in the meeting of January 29, 1916). 
1. Introduction. In the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, deposition 
of metal or generation of hydrogen takes place at the cathode, for 
so far as the discharge of positive ions is concerned. The two pro- 
cesses can also take place side by side. The hydrogen formed can 
arise through direct discharge of the hydrogen ions present, (primarily), 
or also in consequence of this that metal ions present in the solution 
are discharged, and the metal formed through this decomposes the 
water (secondarily). Both in case of primary and of secondary 
veneration of hydrogen the cathode can undergo a change, which 
consists in this that the surface, which is smooth at first, becomes 
rough, or that the metal of the cathode seatters through the liquid 
in very finely divided state. This latter phenomenon is indicated by 
the name of cathode scattering. The roughening of the cathode- 
surface is essentially the same as the cathode-scattering, and differs” 
from it only in intensity. 
The cathode scattering for lead, tin, and other metals was first 
observed by Brepia and Hager). If one of these metals e.g. lead 
is made cathode in a solution of potassium or sodium hydroxide, 
or in diluted sulphuric acid, then for a not twosmall current density 
a scattering of the lead takes place, which spreads through the 
liquid in black clouds. HaBer*) and Sack*) explain this phenomenon, 
1) Ber. 81 (1898) 2741. 
2) Z. f. anorg. Chemie 16 (1898) 447, Z. f. Elektrochemie 8 (1902), 245, 
5) Z. f. anorg. Chemie 34 (1903) 286. 
