1399 
Anatomy. — “On the brains of cyclops and monstra related to 
them”. By Prof. C. Wankrer. 
(Communicated in the meeting of February 26, 1916). 
In the Folia neurobiologica the detailed description of the brains of 
a human Cyclops, which I wrote the year before, will soon appear. 
After having finished this description I was enabled to study still a 
few suchlike monstra. At present | possess, thanks to Dr. VERMEULEN, 
two rather well-preserved brains of cyclopian calves; thanks to 
Dr. Barentsen from Bergeyk, the brains of a cebocephalic human 
monstrum with microphtatmia and palatum fissum; and thanks to 
Prof. Kouwrrasecond cyclopian human misbuilding with microphtalmia. 
The analogy in structure of the brains and the base of the skull 
in monstra, which belong to the long range of mutual related 
miscreations gathered by Gerorrroy Sr. Hinaire and Vrorik, have 
brought all independent investigators to a similar conclusion on 
this problem. 
All of them are convinced that an earnest effort to explain those 
anomalies in development can only be made after an exact deseription 
of a large number of the brains of these beings. 
It must be mentioned beforehand, that in the classification of 
Grorrroy St. Hinairs and VroriK (forming the foundation for every 
later arrangement of such monstra) the cyclopia is the representation 
of a more or less expansive medio-ventral defect in the frontal part 
of brain and skull. 
When the ventral mid-part of the skull is lost, then the ethmoidal 
bone is totally missing together with the medial wall of separation in the 
nasal cavity. Then the orbits come close together or unite to a 
single orbit. When, as often happens, the most proximal part of the 
frontal bone develops in such cases then a part of the nose grows 
out, and is seen as the snout or the proboscis of the cyclops monstrum. 
If there exist two separate orbits, placed side by side, the 
proboscis is located either above them (cebocephalia with arhinen- 
cephalia) or between them (etmocephalia with arhinencephalia). 
If the orbits are fused and consequently one single orbit exists, 
the proboscis, when it is present, is necessarily placed above the 
single orbit (monorbitary misbuildings). In some cases it can be 
missing, when the germinative matter producing the ventral part 
of the frontal bone is destroyed by the defect. 
The contents of that single orbit differs. In it can be found: 
1. Two eyes, well developed or badly (mierophthalmie or 
anophthalmic cyclopia). 
