1455 
into this question more or less fully and it appears that European 
climatological conditions substantially depend upon the pressure- 
distribution over the northern parts of the North-Atlantic Ocean and 
adjacent seas. 
Since SABINE the greater part of the investigations were made for 
the purpose of finding out the relation between more or less simul- 
taneous phenomena in parts of the globe not too far removed from 
one another. 
It was CamppenL Hepworru') who again took up the problem in 
a quite original manner, by investigating the relation between changes 
in the strength of the Trade winds of the North- and South Atlantic 
Oceans and those of the watertemperature in the North Atlantic. 
He comes to the conclusion that positive departures from the 
average in the strength of the Trade winds are a year afterwards 
followed by positive departures in the temperature of the water. 
Another study *) deals with the relation between the Gulfstream 
and the temperature of the air in Engeland. 
The author demonstrates a rather feeble relation, with a lapse of 
two months, between the watertemperature of the North Atlantic 
Ocean and the airtemperature of three stations in England. 
We find as the result of both studies considered together, that a 
relation is demonstrated though not numerically, between the Northeast 
Trade of the Atlantic Ocean and the airtemperature in Engeland. 
2. Our standpoint was explained in a preceding investigation, 
it was shown that the effect of an impulse in the region of the Trade 
winds (15°—25° N./25°—45° W.) was traced after two or three 
months in some hydrographical phenomena in Northern Europe; 
the supposition is obvious that the wintertemperature (December— 
February) of Western-, Central- and Northern-Europe, will prove to 
depend upon Tradewind-agencies, having been active not later than 
October. 
However this supposition alone is not sufficient. What we have 
to do, is to investigate over which period the Trade has to be taken 
into account to get the maximum correlation between fluctuations 
in the strength of the Trade winds and the wintertemperature of 
Europe. 
1) M. W. GaMPBELL Hepwortu. Meteorclogical Office 203. The Trade-winds of 
the Atlantic Ocean, comprising a comparison in the Changes of the Watertempe- 
rature of the N. A. Ocean and in the strength of the Trade-winds. 
*) The Gulfstream. Geographical Journal Vol. XLIV p. 429 en 534. 
