1557 
Zoology. — “A contribution to the knoww lye of the phylogeny of 
the wing-pattern in Lepidoptera”. By J. Borkr. (Communicated 
Prof. by J. F. van BEMMELEN). 
(Communicated in the meeting of March 25, 1916), 
The number of. investigations about the colour-markings on the 
wings of Lepidoptera are not few, and among them the Butterflies 
and the Hepialids have always attracted special attention. The latter 
family, which in many features shows a primitive character, was 
lately the subject of a paper in these Proceedings by Prof. J. F. van 
SEMMELEN. *) 
Almost without exception the object of these investigations was to 
distinguish between older and younger phylogenetic features, to deduce 
the latter from the former and thereby to fix the family-relations. 
But the study of the colour-pattern was almost exclusively under- 
taken with a view to the degrees of relationship between species 
or genera within the precincts of the same order. 
Except for a few allusions or vague indications, next to nothing 
is to be met with in literature concerning the significance of the 
colour-patterns for the elucidation of the phylogenetic relations 
between the different orders of insects. 
Prof. pe Mryere*), the well-known dipterologist, in the summer- 
meeting of 1915 of the Duteh Entom. Society, discussed the wing- 
design of Diptera and Lepidoptera, making a kind of comparison 
between these orders, by indicating certain motives of decoration 
which they possess m common, and trying to get an insight into 
the evolution of the colour-pattern in the lasi-named order; I cannot 
however in most respects agree with his conclusions. 
Being occupied with the investigation of the wing-markings in 
primitive families, [I turned my attention to Trichoptera, and was 
surprised by the remarkable similarity between the colour-design in 
some members of the order and that whieh I had met with in 
several Cossids. 
A summary of the principal points of correspondence is as follows: 
1. The markings along the anterior margin’). 
1) J. F. van BemmereN. On the phylogenetic significance of the Wing markings 
in Hepialids. Proceedings Kon. Ak. v. Wet. Amsterdam N°. 8 Vol. XVIII. 
*) J. CG. H. pe Meyere. Verslag van de Zeventigste Zomervergadering der 
Ned. Entom. Vereeniging, 1915. 
*) To prevent confusion, I wish to remark, that in fore- as well as in hind- 
wings, I distinguish three margins: anterior, external, and posterior. By external] 
margin I indicate that border, which by some authors, e. g. J. Ta. Ovupemans, 
De Nederlandsche Insecten (fig. 46, p. 54) is called hindmargin, while I prefer 
the name posterior margin to their “internal margin”. 
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