1 8 University of Michigan 



Black spruce habitat and association: 



Canachiles canadensis osgoodi. Alaska spruce grouse. Resident. 



Lagopus lagopus albus. Willow ptarmigan. Resident. 



Lagopus riipestris rupestris. Rock ptarmigan. Winter. 



Pedioecetes phasiancllus phasianelliis. Sharp-tailed grouse. Winter. 



Siirnia iilida caparoch. Hawk owl. Resident. 



Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons. Alaska jay. Resident. 



Corvus carax principalis. Northern raven. Resident. 



Pinicola eniiclealor alascensis. Alaska pine grosbeak. Autumn. 



Loxia leucoptera. White-winged crossbill. Winter. 



AcatUhis linaria linaria. Redpoll. Winter. 



Passerculus sandwichensis alaiidiniis. Western savanna sparrow. Sum- 

 mer. 



Jtmco hyemalis hyemalis. Slate-colored junco. Summer, breeding 

 (Osgood). 



Passerella iliaca iliaca. Fo.x sparrow. Summer, rare. 



Bombycilla garrida pallidiceps. Bohemian waxwing. Spring. 



Hylocicfda alicice alicice. Gray-cheeked thrush. Summer. 



Planesticus migratorius migralorius. Eastern robin. Summer. 



Ixoreus ncrcius meruloides. Northern varied thrush. Summer. 



Sorex personatus arcticus. Arctic shrew. 



Ursus americanus americanus. Black bear. Summer. 



Vidpes alascensis alascensis. Alaska red fox. 



Maries americana actuosa. .\Iaska marten. 



Muslela arclica arctica. Arctic weasel. 



Mustela vison ingens. Alaska mink. Winter, rare. 



Evotomys dawsoni dawsoni. Dawson red-backed vole. 



Sciurus hudsonicus hudsonicus. Northern red squirrel. 



Lepus americanus macfarlani. Macfarlane snowshoe hare. 



Alces gigas. Alaska moose. 



Rangi/er stonei. Stone caribou. 



The forests which cover the low hills and the greater part of 

 the valleys in interior Alaska are mainly composed of black spruce, 

 Picea mariana. The trees are mostly stunted, growing from six 

 to twenty feet high and ha\4ng trunks only from one to six inches 

 in diameter, though in exceptionally favorable situations, mostly 

 in white spruce forest, the black spruce may reach a trunk diameter 

 of twelve inches. The tamarack, Larix laricina, occurs sparingly 

 with the black spruces in damp situations near Tanana and at the 

 head of the north fork of the Kuskokwim, and the trunks reach a 

 maximum diameter of eight inches. 



