PLATE II 



Fig. I. — The north fork of the Kuskokwim near its head. A gravel bar 

 shows on the left, fringing which is a thicket of willows and alders. On the 

 right in the foreground and in the left in the distance the river has formed a 

 cut bank. The forest is of white spruces and paper birches. April, 1912. 



Fig. 2. — The ridges north of Takotna at timber-line. Stunted black 

 spruces are almost the only trees, and these grow best in the slightly pro- 

 tected draws. Along the tiny streams in the raNines are small thickets of 

 willow and alder. Dwarf birches and blueberries grow thickly in the open 

 places among the spruces and for a short distance above timber-line 

 July, 191 2. 



