Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology 13 



plant-covered shallows for spawning or for protecting their eggs 

 or young. 



b) Small extent of gravelly shallows in the stream, apparently 

 needed by many species for breeding areas. 



c) Presence of numbers of large crawfish, Cambarus virilis 

 and Cambarus propinquus in the river, which very probably 

 destroy the eggs of fish, especially the ones that deposit them on 

 the bottom or on plants or other places accessible to the crawfish. 

 Fish like bullheads, sunfish, and black bass that actively protect 

 their eggs would undoubtedly fail to keep them from the depreda- 

 tions of so many and so large crawfish. The species of fish that 

 were well-established residents of river conditions like those in the 

 Warren Woods were blunt-nosed minnow, creek chub, common 

 shiner, river chub, and the common pike. These all place their 

 eggs apparently quite safe from crawfish, under or among stones 

 in case of the first four or in case of the common pike out in the 

 shallow marshes early in the sedson before the period of much 

 crawfish activity. 



d) The presence of large common pike, which are well-known 

 destroyers of other fish; and there were few shallows or stream 

 mouths where small fish could escape the pike in the part of the 

 Galien River examined. 



e) Intensive fishing of the river by fishermen and anglers 

 especially near its mouth, where many nets are said to be used. 



The Galien River could undoubtedly be made artificially much 

 more productive of large and desirable fish, which would be appre- 

 ciated by the large number of people to whom the stream is readily 

 accessible. It passes through a rather wild and very attractive 

 region; and with more fish in it the recreative value of the little 

 river would be increased. Large-mouthed black bass should 

 thrive there with the abundance of crawfish food, and through 

 reducing the numbers of these animals they would probably 

 improve breeding conditions for themselves and other fish. There 



