ANTHROPOMETRY 23 



To take this distance the two landmarks should be well exposed [by- 

 bending the head well backward] ; use instrument appropriate for the 

 purpose. 



15. External bipalpebral breadth; e.g. {E, fig. 8). 



Landmarks: The external angle of each palpebral fissure, deeply, 

 where the lines touch the eyeball. 



With the eyes of the subject wide open and the visual axis fixed 

 slightly above the horizon, the two points are approached by the 

 branches of the compass supported on the cheeks of the subject. 



16. The internal palpebral breadth; c. g. (7, fig. 8). 



Landmarks: The internal angle of each eye, without regard to the 

 caruncula. 



17. Breadth of the mouth; e.g. 



Landmarks: The commissures of the lips [angles of the mouth], at 

 the point where the mucous membrane joins the skin. The distance 

 to be taken while the mouth is in its medium position [i. e., naturally 

 closed without tension]. 



18. Bilabial height; e.g. 



Landmarks: Superiorly — the uppermost points on the curves of the 

 arc of the upper lip; inferiorly — the lowermost point on the curve of 

 the lower lip. 



The rod of the compass should be held vertically, its branches tan- 

 gent to the summits of the curves. 



19. The ear. '^^ 



(a) Length, maximum; e.g. (fig. 9, line designated). 



Landmarks: Superiorly — the highest point on the border of the 

 helix; inferiorly — the lowermost point on the lobule. 



The rod of the compass should be held parallel to the long axis of 

 the ear with its branches tangent to the points indicated ; use no pres- 

 sure. 



(6) Length of the cartilaginous ear (fig. 8, interrupted line). 



Landmarks: Above — as with preceding; below — the inferior border 

 is the cartilaginous concha. 



The compass is to be applied as in the preceding measurement, but 

 the lobule is slightly pressed backward with the lower branch of the 

 instrument, in order to include no more than the cartilaginous part. 



" Measurement of the left ear is to be preferred as much more handy than that 

 fo the right. Tr. 



