16 



ALE§ HRDLICKA 



Fig. 2 



9. The naso-basilar diameter; c.e. 



Landmarks: Anteriorly — the nasion, or median point of the naso- 

 frontal suture; posteriorly — the basion. 



10. The basio-alveolar diameter; e.g. 



Landmarks: Anteriorly — the alveolar point, or median point of the 

 anterior border of the alveolar arch; posteriorly — the basion. 



11. The nasion-menton diameter; e.g. 



Landmarks: Above— the nasion; below — the inferior border of the 

 lower jaw, in the median plane. 



The mandibula to be in place, the jaws brought in apposition, the 

 condition of the teeth [in relation to wear, especially] to be noted. 



12. The naso-alveolar diameter;^ e.g. 



Landmarks: Superiorly — the nasion; inferiorly — the lowest point 

 of the alveolar border between the two median upper incisors. 



13. Nasal height; e.g. (N E fig. 3). 



Landmarks: Superiorly — the nasion; inferiorly the middle of a line 

 connecting the lowest points of the two nasal fossae. 



If instead of the border there is a gutter, measure to the level of 

 the floor of the nasal fossae [i. e., to the upper limiting line of the 

 gutters]. 



' The facial index is expressed by the following formula: 



Naso-alveolar diameter X 100 

 maximum bizygomatic diameter 



