ANTHROPOMETRY 73 



Method: Hold large spreading compass so that the points repose 

 on the balls of the two forefingers. Ascertain with the projecting 

 part of the left forefinger the lowest part of the chin, apply to it the 

 point of the compass, and hold in position by the forefinger. Open the 

 instrument sufficiently, apply little finger of the right hand to the head 

 of the subject for support, bring the right forefinger with the end of 

 the right branch to the forehead a short distance above the nasion, 

 and without moving the skin up or down apply the point of the in- 

 strument carefully to the nasion, at the same time reading the scale. 



Height to Crinion. — Method: Without removing the hands or 

 instrument after the measurement to nasion has been secured, the 

 upper branch of the compass is elevated until it touches the crinion, 

 and the measurement is read off. 



The manipulation is simple and the values of the two measure- 

 ments are easily carried in mind until they can be recorded. 



Face Breadth. — The maximum bizygomatic diameter. 



Landmarks: The most widely separated points on the external 

 surface of the zygomatic arches (Intern. Agr.). 



Method: Hold instrument as in measuring facial heights. Bring 

 over zygomatic arches, feel with forefingers their maximum convexity, 

 apply points of instrument with sufiicient pressure to feel resistance of 

 the bone, and pass forward and backward in up and down zigzags, 

 watching the scale; repeat process in opposite direction, and perhaps 

 once more forward and backward, until the maximum breadth is 

 ascertained. 



Diameter Frontal Minimum. — The minimum frontal breadth, or 

 the shortest horizontal diameter between the two temporal crests 

 on the frontal bone. 



Instrument: Compas d'^paisseur, Broca or Hrdli6ka. 



Method: Hold instrument as for measuring the facial heights and 

 breadth. Search with forefingers above the lateral angular processes 

 of the frontal for the deepest part in the curve of each temporal line; 

 when found slip the points of the forefingers behind the lines, apply 

 points of compass to the same, and read measurement. 



Diameter Bigonial. — Instrument: Compas d'^paisseur, Broca or 

 HrdliCka. 



Landmarks: The gonions or points of the angles of the lower jaw. 

 The separation of the angles is measured by applying the compass 

 to the most prominent points on their external surface. 



Method: Hold instrument in same way as for the other facial 



