ANTHROPOMETRY 97 



lowing figures give approximations to the exact time of synostosis in 

 the different cases, according to modern Anatomies. They again can 

 be of but a restricted use to the anthropologist. 



Ossification (Completed) 



Year Year 



Basilar suture 20-25 Scapula 20-25 



Humerus: upper 20-25 Clavicle, sternal end 25 



lower 18-19 Sternum 20-25 



Femur: upper 18-20 



lower 20-22 Ribs 25 



Tibia: upper 20-24 Vertebrae 25 



lower 18 



Atlas 18 



Ulna: upper 16 



lower 20-23 Sacrum (union of uppermost seg- 

 ments) 25-30 



Radius : upper 17-20 



lower 20-25 Ossa innominata 20-25 



Fibula: upper 22-25 Phalanges 18-20 



lower 19-20 



The eruption of deciduous teeth among Whites is generally completed 

 before the end of the third, that of the permanent teeth before the 

 thirtieth year of life. Among primitive peoples (possibly even 

 primitive Whites), the process, at least so far as the permanent teeth 

 are concerned, is somewhat speedier, being with some exceptions ac- 

 complished by or even before the twenty second year.' A full set of 

 teeth in a skull is therefore a good sign that adult life has been reached, 

 or nearly reached; but an absence of one or two third molars may exist 

 in the white, and more rarely even in a primitive man, well into the 

 adult stage, and such teeth may fail to appear altogether. The follow- 

 ing table gives the periods of eruption of both sets of teeth among civil- 

 ized Whites. On account of the length of the period of eruption of the 

 individual teeth the data will be also of but limited use. 



Ebtjption of Teeth, in Whites' 



1st Dentition Permanent Dentition' 



Months Yeara 



Median Incisor, lower 4-8 First Molar, lower 4-7 



Median Incisor, upper 8-11 First Molar, upper 5-8 



' See Suk (V.), "Eruption and decay of permanent teeth in Whites and Negroes, 

 with comparative remarks on other races," Am. J. Phts. Antheop., 1919, II, No. 4, 

 352. 



' After Bean, Bedndf, Cherot, Gray, Matiegka and Suk, Roese, Steiner, Vogel, 

 Welcker, etc. 



' Exact order of eruption of permanent canines and premolars is still slightly 

 uncertain. 

 7 



