ANTHROPOMETRY 117 



OSTEOMETRY 



Anthropometry of the skeletal parts (outside of the skull) is a 

 fertile and fascinating field in which much as yet remains to be exploited 

 and even explored. It is, naoreover, a large field, which few workers 

 may hope to cover in its entirety. Every bone of the body presents 

 sexual, racial and individual variations, many of which remain to be 

 thoroughly studied; and some of these features, according to indica- 

 tions, possess a very considerable phylogenetic and racial importance. 



Investigations on the skeleton are for the most part of a more 

 recent date than those on the skull or those on the living, and have 

 been largely the work of anatomists. Descriptive observations, 

 such as those on the sexual characteristics of the pelvis, or those on 

 the perforated humerus, pilasteric femur, platycnaemic tibia, etc., 

 preceded and accompanied measurements. The first serious attempts 

 at osteometry were made essentially in France, and the first system of 

 measurements was developed by Broca and his pupils in Paris.^ 



Since the early seventies a whole series of valuable contributions 

 to the subject of bone study and osteometry have been made,^ and 



' See Broca (P.) — Sur les proportions relatives du bras, de I'avant bras et de la 

 clavicule chez les N^gres et les Europ^ens. Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop. Paris, 1862, III, 

 162-172; ibid., 1867, 2 S6r., II, 641-653. Hamy (T.)— Recherches sur les propor- 

 tions du bras et d'avant-bras aux difierenta &ges de la vie. Rev. d'Anthrop. Paris, 

 1872, 79. Topinard (P.) — Elements d'Anthropologie generale, 8°, Paris, 1885. 



' Bello y Rodriguez (S.) — Le f6mur et le tibia. These, Paris, 1909. Bumiiller 

 (J.) — Das menschliche Femur. Phil. Diss., Miinchen, 1899. Bertaux (T. A.) — 

 L'humerus et le f^mur consid^r^s dans les especes, dans les races humains, selon le 

 sexe et selon I'dge. These, LiUe, 1891. Fischer (E.) — Die Variationen an Radius 

 und Ulna des Menschen. Z. f. Morph. & Anthrop., 1906, IX, 147. Lehmann-Nitsche 

 (R.) — Ueber die langen Knochen der siidbayerischen ReihengrfiberbevoUcerung. 

 Phil. Diss., Miinchen; and Beitr. z. Anthrop., & Urgesch. Bayerns, 1894, XI, H. 

 3 & 4. Livon (M.)— De I'omoplate. These Med., Paris, 1879. Hrdhika (AleS)— 

 Physical Anthropology of the Lenape or Delawares, and of the eastern Indians in 

 General. Bull. 62, Bur. Am. Ethnol., Wash., 1916. Pfitzner (W.)— Beitrage zur 

 Kenntniss des mensehlichen ExtremitStens-skeletes. Morphol. Arb., 1892, I, 516; 

 1893, II, 93. Rollet (E.) — La mensuration des os longs des membres. Thhse mid.. 



