I So Field Columbian Museum. 



losophers demonstrated, who understood those things naturally, for 

 the saints declared that the King is established upon earth in the 

 place of God to render justice and give to every one his right, and on 

 this account they called him the heart and soul of the people ; and as 

 the soul resides in the heart of man and the body lives and is pre- 

 served by it, so justice is established in the King, which is the life 

 and preservation of the people of his dominions. And as the heart 

 is one, and through it all the other members receive unity so as to form 

 one body, in like manner all the inhabitants of the kingdom, although 

 many, are one, because the King must be and is one, and through 

 him all have to be one with him to follow and assist him in the 

 things he has to perform. Then philosophers naturally declared 

 that Kings are the head of kingdoms, for in the same manner as sen- 

 timent springs from the head, which commands all the other mem- 

 bers of the body, in like manner by the command which emanates 

 from the King, Lord and Head of all, the inhabitants of the kingdom 

 must be directed and governed, and that they have to obey him ; and 

 so great is the right of kingly power that all the laws and rights are 

 in the power of Kings, who acknowledge it not from men, but from 

 God, whose place they hold in temporal affairs. Among other 

 things it especially behooves the King to love, honor and preserve 

 his people, and among these things he must particularly distinguish 

 and honor persons meritorious, either by services rendered to him or 

 on account of their being endowed with goodness. And as, according 

 to the sayings of the wise, justice is one of the virtues peculiar to 

 kings, which is the support and truth of things, by which the world 

 is better and more justly preserved, being likewise a fountain from 

 which every right is derived and remains always alive in the minds 

 of just men and never fails, giving and distributing to each one 

 equally his right, and embracing in itself all the principal virtues; 

 and very great utility arises from it, because it engages every person 

 to live with prudence and in peace according to his state without 

 fault and without error, the good becoming through it better by 

 receiving a reward for their deeds rightly performed, and the others 

 correcting themselves and entering through it into the right road. 

 Of which justice there are two principal parts — the one is communi- 

 cative between man and man, the other is distributive, which carries 

 with it the rewards and recompenses of the good and virtuous labor; 

 and services which individuals render to Kings and Princes and to 

 the commonweal of their kingdoms ; and as the conferring a reward 

 upon those who serve well and faithfully is an attribute, as the law 

 says, very becoming to all mankind, and more especially to kings, 



