1905.] Wheeler, The Ants of New Jersey. 399 



Formica Linn. 



71. F. sanguinea rubicunda Emery. — Delaware Water Gap 

 (Viereck); Woodbury (Phila. Acad.). 



This subspecies of the holarctic blood-red slave-maker, or san- 

 guinary ant, is less common than the next. Its nests are usually 

 under stones in grassy places along the edges of woods. It obtains 

 slaves, or auxiliary workers by kidnapping the young of F. suhsericea. 



72. F. sanguinea rubicunda var. subintegra Emery. — This variety 

 is recorded from New Jersey by Emery. I have seen a single in- 

 cipient colony of it at Lakehurst, but it is probably more abundant 

 in the less sandy portions of the State. The slaves belong to F. 

 suhsericea as a rule, but the colony at Lakehurst contained instead 

 workers of F. schaufussi. This is probably the normal auxiliary form 

 in this region owing to a scarcity of suhsericea colonies. In the 

 vicinity of New York suhintegra is the only form of sanguinea I have 

 been able to find. 



73. F. rufa obscuriventris Mayr. — This subspecies is mentioned 

 by Mayr as occurring in New Jersey. I have not seen specimens of 

 it from this State. It is probably a western ant. 



74. F. rufa Integra Nylander. — Caldwell (Cresson) ; Clementon 

 (Viereck) ; Sea Isle City (Viereck) ; Jamesburg (Davis) ; Lakehurst 

 (Wheeler). 



Our largest and most conspicuous form of rufa, nesting in great 

 colonies which often comprise several nests. These are in piles of 

 large stones or old logs and stumps. The ants stuff all the crannies 

 of their abodes with bits of dead grass, leaves, etc. Like most other 

 species of Formica, F. integra is much given to attending Aphides. 

 It is most abundant in hilly regions where it prefers sunny glades or 

 clearings in the forests. 



75. F. difficilis Emery. — Some of the types of this species were 

 received by Emery from New Jersey. I have taken a few workers 

 near Halifax in the Ramapo Mountains. 



This interesting species has very small yellow females which are 

 in all probability temporary parasites in the nests of F. schaufussi 

 var. incerta, as I have shown to be the case in F. difficilis var. con- 

 socians of Connecticut. The young fertilized female of this variety 

 seeks adoption in some depauperate and probably queenless colony 

 of incerta and permits her hosts to bring up her young. Later the 

 incerta workers die off, leaving the difficilis as a pure and independent 

 colony which soon grows rapidly in size and shows no evidence of its 



