98 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXII, 



manifest the slightest interest in the larvae or pupae, even after all the 

 workers in the nest had been dispatched. One of these insects could 

 perhaps succeed in founding a colony if, after killing all the schaufussi 

 workers in a small nest, she simply remained with the brood till some 

 one of the pupae hatched. This, however, could not occur without the 

 aid of the female unless the pupa happened to be naked or very young 

 callows happened to be present. 



It is clear, just as in the cases of temporary social parasitism, that 

 a sanguinea or Polyergus queen could not enter a flourishing colony of 

 the auxiliary species with any prospect of being tolerated, much less 

 of being permitted to establish a colony of her own. In addition to 

 the two kinds of colonies available for this purpose, the incipient and 

 the moribund, which were postulated in the cases of temporary par- 

 asitism, there is also a third possibility, namely, the fragment of a 

 dispersed colony. In regions where Polyergus and sanguinea occur 

 one often finds that the workers of suhsericea and schaufussi colonies 

 that have just been plundered by the dulotic ants scatter and again 

 congregate in small clusters, each with such larvae and pupae as it has 

 been able to rescue, under the dead leaves or stones, to remain for 

 hours or days in a state of "abulic dejection. " One of these clusters 

 would afford every opportunity to a young sanguinea or Polyergus 

 queen in search of a brood. It is highly probable that on the approach 

 of one of these queens, such a cowardly colony-fragment would take 

 to flight and surrender at least a portion of its cocoons. 



If dulotic colonies are founded as here maintained, it follows as 

 I have said before, that we can hardly look to temporary social par- 

 asitism as the phylogenetic basis of dulosis. Hence I ought perhaps 

 to be well satisfied when Wasmann^ calls my former view "eine nur 

 undeutlich erfasste Hypothese," in order that his own "allseitig 

 durchdachte und abgerundete Theorie" may shine forth with greater 

 effulgence. That he should indulge in such boasting after reading my 

 foot-note on the behavior of the ruhicunda female shows that he failed 

 to grasp the full import of my paper. 2 The present paper will, I be- 

 lieve, make it apparent that he forgot to round off at least one very 

 important side of his " Theorie. " ^ 



} Nochmals zur Frage uber die temporar gemischten Kolonien und den Ursprung der Sklav- 

 erei bei den Ameisen. Biol. Centralbl., XXV, Oct. i, 1905, p. 648. 



^ Some Remarks on Temporary Social Parasitism and the Phylogeny of Slavery among Ants. 

 Biol. Centralbl., XXV, Oct. i, 1905, po. 639, 640 nota. 



^ It would be unnecessary to return to this controversy, since Wasmann concedes the [only point 

 I had a right to demand, namely the acknowledgment of my priority in the discovery of temporary 

 social parasitism as a regular occurrence in ants of the rufa and exsecta groups, were it not that 

 he seeks to deflect his reader's attention from this single matter, which constituted the whole issue. 

 He is, of course, at liberty to say that he made the discovery independently, but the fact remains 

 that he had received and read my paper by October 21 and did not send his manuscript to the edi- 

 tor of the ' ' Biologisches Centralblatt ' ' till the early part of December, as is perfectly clear both 



