1907.] Whcdcr, The Polymorphism of Ants. 41 



(c) Five pseudogynes which hatched in an artificial nest from cocoons 

 taken August 1, 1905, from a very large colony at Colebrook, Connecticut. 

 None of these is larger than a small or medium-sized worker of Integra, but 

 they all have the thorax clouded with black, although this subspecies differs 

 from other forms of rufa in the absence of any infuscation of the head and 

 thorax even in the smallest workers. 



2. F. rufa ohscuriventris Mayr. var. vielanotica Emery. 



During August, 1903, a number of cocoons of this ant were taken from 

 a large and flourishing colony at Rockford, Illinois, and placed in an arti- 

 ficial nest containing Polyergus rufescens breviceps Emery with F. cinerea 

 var. neocinerea Wheeler as slaves. The cocoons were at first neglected and 

 finally carried by the workers to the refuse heap. On opening them I found 

 in each a perfectly formed pseudogyne that must have died when very 

 nearly ready to hatch. Some of these were as small as the smallest, but 

 the majority were as large as the average melanotica workers. In two 

 specimens, represented in Plate IV, Figs. 50-52, the thorax is seen to be 

 more like that of the queen than in the pseudogynes of F. incerta. 



3. F. fusca var. neorufiharhis Emery. 



A single pseudogyne taken in Salt Lake County, Utah, by Mr. C. V. 

 Chamberlin. In this specimen, which is smaller than the average worker^ 

 the dark thoracic blotches of the female are clearly indicated. 



4. F. sanguinea rubicunda var. siihintegra Emery. 



(a) Two pseudogynes taken August 8, 1903, near Colorado Springs, 

 Colorado, from a colony containing F. fusca var. argentata Wheeler as 

 slaves. 



(b) A single pseudogyne from a small colony taken August 13, 1903, 

 in Cheyenne Canon, Colorado. The slaves in this colony belonged to F. 

 argentata and F. subpolita Mayr. 



If we accept W'asmann's theory of the constant association of Lome- 

 chusini and pseudogynes, we must believe either that the single species, 

 X. cava, breeds in the nests of several of our species of Formica, or that this 

 name covers several closely allied species of Xenodusa, each with its normal 

 host, but as yet undistinguished by coleopterists. Wasmann's description 

 of different varieties of X. cava ^ may, perhaps, be regarded as supporting 



' Revision rier Lomechusa-Gruppe. Deutsch. ent. Zeitschr., 1896, pp. 244-256. 



