1907.] Wheeler, The Polymorphism of Ajits. 55 



provided with moderately large eyes, ocelli, and mandibles; the thorax is 

 large (macronotal) and presents all the sclerites of the typical female 

 Hymenopteron ; the gaster is voluminous and provided with well developed 

 reproductive organs. The wings and legs are often relatively smaller than 

 in the male. 



(9) The macrogyne is a female of unusually large stature. 



(10) The viicrogyne, or dwarf female, is an unusually small female 

 which in certain ants, like Formica microgyna and its allies, is the only 

 female of the species and may be actually smaller than the largest workers. 

 In other ants, like certain species of Leptothorax and Mi/rmica microgynes 

 may sometimes coexist in the same nests with the typical females. 



(11) The l^-female is an aberrant form of female such as occurs in 

 Lasius latipes, either as the only form or coexisting with the normal female 

 which is then called the a-female. In this case, therefore, the female is 

 dimorphic. The j5-female is characterized by excess developments in the 

 legs and antennae and in the pilosity of the body. 



(12) The ergafogijne, ergatomorphic, or ergatoid female, is a worker- 

 like form but with largie eyes, ocelli, and a thorax more or less like that of 

 the female, but without wings. Such females occur in a number of species 

 of ants. They have been seen in Myrmecia, Odontomachus, Anocheius, Po- 

 nera, Polyergiis, Leptothorax, Monomorium, and Cremastogaster. There is 

 nothing to prove that they are pathological in origin. In fact, in Mono- 

 Tnorium floricola and certain species of Anocheius they seem to be the 

 only existing females. In other cases, like Ponera eduardi, as Forel has 

 shown, they occur with more or less regularity in nests with normal workers. 

 They occur also under similar conditions in colonies of the circumpolar P. 

 coarctata, and probably also among other species of the genus. 



(13) The dichthadiigyne, or dichthadiiform female is peculiar to the 

 ants of the subfamily Dorylinte. It is wingless and stenonotal, destitute of 

 eyes and ocelli, or with these organs very feebly developed, and with a 

 huge elongated gaster and extraordinary, voluminous ovaries. 



(14) The pseudogyne has been sufficiently characterized in the pre- 

 ceding pages as a worker-like form with enlarged mesonotum and some- 

 times with traces of other thoracic sclerites of the female, but without wings 

 or very rarely with wing vestiges. 



(15) The phthisogyne arises from a female larva under the same con- 

 ditions as the phthisaner, and differs from the typical female in the same 

 characters, namely absence of wings, stenonoty, microcephaly and microph- 

 thalmy. It is unable to attain to the imaginal instar. 



(16) The worker (ergates) is characterized by the complete absence of 

 wings and a very small (stenonotal) thorax, much simplified in the structure 

 of its sclerites. The eyes are small and the ocelli are usually absent or, 



