110 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVAL SERVICE ‘ 
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917 
iT. 
Below St. Stephen, at which point we enter upon the second or estuarine division 
of the St. Croix, the rocks on the west side of the stream are mainly granite all the 
way to the southern part of Robbinston, in the state of Maine, and are well seen in 
the Deyil’s Head and again in Doucette (Dochet) or St. Croix island, upon which 
Champlain and his followers spent their first and most unfortunate winter in Canada. 
On the eastern side these granites reappear at Oak point, as also on the shores 
of Oak bay, either side of Waweig inlet, but in the upper part of this bay, upon both 
sides, the rocks are Silurian and yield characteristic fossils. Near the head. of this 
bay, on the eastern side, are kitchen-middens or Indian shell heaps, marking one of 
the sites of early human prehistoric occupation. About two miles below the entrance 
of Oak bay, Silurian rocks again oecupy the shore, being the western termination 
of a belt of such rocks extending eastward to and beyond Bocabee bay on the north 
side of the latter. At the mouth of Bocabec river, east side, are still other shell 
heaps of Indian origin, from which have been obtained a considerable number of 
aboriginal relics. A full account of this old encampment-ground and of the articles 
obtained from it, may be found in one of the bulletins of the New Brunswick Natural 
History Society. 
The same Silurian belt includes Chameook lake and Chameook mountain. It 
is composed in part of massive sandstones, elsewhere fossiliferous, and in part of 
voleanics, partly interbedded with, but mainly resting on, the latter. Fine exposures 
of these voleanics may be seen along the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which 
traverses the eastern side of the lake, and consist partly of black diorites and partly 
of chocolate-coloured, bright-red weathering felspar-porphyries or rhyolites, the 
latter forming prominent hills. Chameook mountain itself, and its associated ridges, 
are composed below of dark sandstones and above of diorite, the relation of the two 
being well seen on a bluff on the western side of the second Chamecook ridge, where, 
by the partial removal of the softer underlying strata, the comparatively hard diorites 
may be seen projecting many feet, like a shelf, over the former. That the agent pro- 
ducing this effect was ice, rather than water, is shown by the fact that the underside 
of the overhanging ledge is strewn with glacial strie, having the same north-and- 
south direction as that of the St. Croix valley. As there is no corresponding ridge 
for many miles to the westward of the St. Croix, by which the ice might have been 
confined and forced beneath the overhanging brow, it seems also probable that the ice 
was that of a continental rather than a loeal glacier. 
EET. 
We come now to the consideration of Passamaquoddy bay proper. The northern 
side is everywhere occupied by. the Silurian rocks already described, extending east- 
ward from Bocabee harbour and Digdequash inlet to and beyond lake Utopia. They 
include some prominent hills, such as mount Blair, and with a westward dip, form a 
series of ridges with parallel intervening valleys, the structure and arrangement 
suggesting a series of successive downthrows toward the centre of the bay. At the 
mouth of the Magaguadavie on the northern side, and again at Point Midjic, form- 
ing the southern boundary of the same ialet, ther are overlaid by small oatliers of 
the Perry group to be presently noticed; but south of this point they reappear on the 
Maseareen shore, bordering this to the Letite passage as well as forming the northern 
side of MecMaster’s and Pendleton’s islands. At Clark’s point on the Mascareen 
shore, and elsewhere, they hold characteristic Silurian fossils, while on the islands 
named the felspar porphyries or rhyolites form somewhat prominent hills similar to 
those of Chameook lake, and by their colour (bright red when weathered) form, as 
