2 FRINGILLID.^. 



bajree and jowaree and so fatten them for the table ; they are however 

 quite as good on the day they are snared or shot, and make most excellent 

 dishes in the hands of a good chef de cusme. When fattened artificially they 

 are simply masses of fat, and, in agastronomical point of view, without exception, 

 all the Emberizise, as well as larks, are much esteemed. When snared at long 

 distances, a process of pickling with spices, &c., is resorted to. 



The following are all the species of Emberiza which find their way to the 

 table under the name of Ortolan. 



1. Emberiza SChCBniclUS, Lin7i., Syst. Nat. \. p. 311 ; Van-cll, 

 Br. B. \. p. 438 ; Hume, Ibis, 1869, p. 355 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xii. 

 p. 457, Murray, Avif. Brit. Ind, ii. p. 326, No. 859. Emberiza schcenicola, 

 Hume, Ibis, 1871, p. 38; C. Swin/i., Ibis, 1882. — The Rosy Ortolan. 



Adult Male in breeding plumage. — General color above rufous, the feathers 

 margined paler, and those of the mantle and back with broad black centres ; 

 lower back, rump and upper tail coverts ashy grey, mesially centred with black 

 or pale brown ; scapulars and lesser and median wing coverts chestnut, the 

 scapulars centred with black and the latter with black bases ; greater coverts 

 black with chestnut margins and sandy buflF outer edges ; bastard wing and 

 primary coverts dusky brown, edged with ashy or pale rufous, which color also 

 fringes the outer webs of the quills, which are blackish ; tail dark brown, mar- 

 gined with whitey brown, the outer pairs of feathers white on the outer web, 

 except a dusky mark at the tip ; the inner web white at the base only ; crown 

 of the head, sides of the face, ear coverts, throat and foreneck black ; sides of 

 the neck, a demi-collar on the neck, cheeks, under tail coverts, axillaries, under 

 •wing coverts and under surface of the body white ; the sides of the body 

 streaked with black, also the flanks ; sides of the breast ashy grey with narrow 

 streaks of black ; thighs brown. 



Length. — 6 inches ; wing 3 ; tail 2-6 ; tarsus 0*75 ; culmen 0*45 . 



In winter the upper plumage is rufous chestnut with narrow central black 

 streaks, and the black of the head, throat and neck is fringed with sandy brown. 



The adult female in breeding pluinage has the head reddish brown instead 

 of black, the feathers mesially streaked with black like the back ; ear coverts 

 reddish brown ; above the eye a streak of sandy buff ; cheeks white ; hind 

 neck ashy with central black streaks ; foreneck rufous and also streaked with 

 black; under surface of body white, the sides streaked with dusky. 



Levgth. — 5'2 inches; wing 2*9; tail 2'4 ; tarsus 07 ; culmen 0^45. 



Hab. — The whole of Europe extending as far as K.amtschatka, reaching in 

 winter to the N.-W. Provinces of India in the Punjab and S. Afghanistan. 



2. Emberiza pUSilla, Pall., Reis. Buss. Reichs, iii. p. 697 

 Blyth, J. A. S. B. XV. p. 40; id.. Ibis, 1867, p. 42 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 7 

 Hume, Sir. F. 1876, p. 279; Anderson, Zool. Exped. Yunan Aves, p. 604 

 Hume and Dav., Sir. F. 1878, p. 4O7 ; Scebohm., Ibis, 1882, p. 379 



