6 FRINGILLID^. 



6. Emberiza aureola, Pall, Reis. Rim. Reuhs, ii. p. 711 ; Gm., 

 Syst. Nal. i. p. 875 ; Tern., Man. d'Orn. iii, p. 232; Gould, B. Eur. iii. pi. 

 174; Oales, B. Br. Biirvi. p. 355 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mas. xii. p. 510. 

 Emberiza aureola, Bp., Comp. List. B, Eur. and N. Amer. p. 36 ; jferd,, B. 

 hid. ii. p. 380; Hume, Sir. F. 1874, pp. 258, 481 ; Oales, Str. F. 1875, 

 p. 159; Blyth and Wald., B. Burm. p. 94 ; Godwin- Austen, J . A. S. B. xlv. 

 p. 83; Hume and Dav., Str. F, i878, p. 409; Flume, Str. F. 1879, PP- 67, 

 107 ; Scully, t. c. p. 334 ; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 193 ; Murray, Avif. 

 Brit. Ind. ii, p. 33O, No. 864. Emberiza flavogiilaris, Blyth, J. A. S. B. 

 xviii. pp. 86, 811. — The Yellow-breasted Bunting. 



Crown of the head, back, rump and scapulars rich chestnut, margined or not 

 with faint yellowish white ; forehead, sides of the head, chin and upper throat 

 black ; lesser wing coverts smoky brown ; the median series white, and the 

 greater ones chestnut, edged with white near the tips ; quills brown, the 

 primaries edged on the outer webs with whitey brown, and the rest with pale 

 chestnut; upper tail coverts pale rufous brown; tail brown, edged paler, the 

 outer web of the outer feathers white for two-thirds of its length from the base, 

 and the inner web with a diagonal streak of white ; the next feather generally 

 with a small obscure mark of white on the inner web ; lower throat, breast 

 and abdomen bright yellow ; a band of chestnut feaihers across the breast, 

 slightly fringed with black ; sides of the body yellow with brown streaks ; vent 

 and under tail coverts pale yellow, with a few obscure streaks. (Oates.) 



During winter the male has no black on the head ; the upper plumage is 

 chestnut with very broad greyish yellow fringes ; the ear coverts are purplish 

 brown marked with yellow ; the chin and throat are deep yellow like the breast 

 and abdomen ; the pectoral band becomes obscure by the yellow fringe to the 

 feathers, and the greater coverts are rufous instead of white. 



The female at all seasons has the head chestnut brown, streaked with dark 

 brown ; the nape, back of the neck, back and scapulars olive brown, more or 

 less tinged with chestnut brown and with dark brown streaks ; rump pale 

 chestnut edged with grey ; upper tail coverts brown centred darker ; all the 

 wing coverts and quills brown, the median series broadly tipped with white and 

 the greater ones and quills edged on the outer webs with pale rufous brown ; 

 supercilium reaching to the nape yellowish white ; chin and throat whitish ; 

 breast, sides of the neck and abdomen bright yellow ; tinged with brown 

 across the breast ; vent and under tail coverts pale yellow ; iris rich brown ; 

 upper mandible dark brown ; lower fleshy brown ; feet and claws pinkish 

 brown. 



Length. — 575 to 6-2 inches ; wing 3 ; tail 2-4 ; tarsus 0"85. 



Hah. — Northern Europe and Siberia, wintering in the Burmese countries. 

 Found in Nepaul, Assam, Sikkim, Cachar, Munipur, Pegu, Bhamo, Johore 

 and the Nicobars. It is a winter visitor to the whole of Burmah, arriving in 



