GALERIDA. JJ 



entirely white on the outer web ; axillaries and under wing coverts white, 

 the hitler with dusky bases ; upper mandible dark brown, the lower one 

 yellowish brown; feet pale yellowish ; iris dark brown. 



Length.—^ to 6-5 inches ; wing 375 ; tail 3-15 ; tarsus 075 ; culmen 0-5. 



i^a*^.— Siberia, extending to the Himalayas. Found in Cashmere, Mus- 

 soorie, Dehra Doon, Simla, and Quetta in Southern Afghanistan. 



Gen. Galerida.— i?(?/V. 



Bill lengthened, curved slightly ; wings with the first primary partially 

 developed, next four sub-equal ; head crested. 



13. Galerida cristata (Z?««.), Gould, B. Eur. pi. 165 ; p. e. 503, 



i. Naum. vogf. t. 99, i. ; jfcrd., B. hid. ii. p. 437, No. 769; Blf., East Pers. 

 ii. p. 240; Hume, Sir. F. i. 214; vii. p. 185 ; Murray, Hhdk., ZooL, Sj-c, 

 Siud, p. 191 ; Murray, AviJ. Brit. Ind. ii, p. 360, No. 905. — The Large 

 Crested Lark. 



Head, nape, back, scapulars, rump and upper tail coverts pale sandy or pale 

 rufous brown ; the feathers of the crest, and in some specimens of the fore- 

 head also, with a mesial dark brown streak ; the back and scapulars with dark 

 shaft stripes ; a pale fulvous streak from the nostrils to above the eye as a 

 supercilium ; lores pale fulvous or fulvous white, with, in some specimens, a 

 faint dusky streak in the centre, in front of the eye ; feathers below the eye 

 w'hitish, followed by curved dusky line, then v/hite, and followed by a dusky 

 streak at the base of the lower mandible on each side ; chin, throat, sides of 

 the neck and breast white ; abdomen, flanks, and under tail coverts sullied 

 white ; breast with longitudinal streaks or oval spots ; ear coverts pale brown ; 

 wings pale brown ; the wing coverts edged and tipped pale rufous, also the 

 primaries, secondaries and tertiaries, and all with a broad rufous or pale 

 salmon margin on their inner web, the under wing coverts and wing lining 

 being of this hue ; tail dusky or dark brown, the centre feathers broadly 

 margined with rufescent, or mixed rufescent and du.sky, the outermost feather 

 on each side rufescent, or rufescent white, except a dusky wash on the inner 

 web ; the next margined with rufescent white on the outer web, forming a tip 

 of the same colour, and running up and forming a very narrow edge on the 

 inner web for one-half the length of the feathers (this is not constant), rest of 

 the tail feathers very narrowly tipped with rufescent white. Bill yellowish dusky 

 on the ridge of the upper mandible ; legs pale brown ; irides dark brown. 



Length.—'] to 7-5 inches ; wing 375 to 4-25 ; tail 2-25 to 275 ; bill at front ■ 

 075. 



Hah — Universally distributed from sea level to nearly 8,00O feet above the 

 sea ; S.-E. Europe, Asia, Africa, throughout India, Persia, Beloochistan, and 

 Afghanistan. Like A. gulgula it rises in the air to a great height, soaring 

 up to the sun often so high that the eye cannot follow it, all the while singing, 



