TOTANUS. 141 



Hah. — The same as glottis and usually associated with it. 



174. TotanuS calidriS {Linn.), Jerdon, B. Ind, ii. p. 702; 

 Hume, Str. F. i. p. 248; ii. p. 299; Blyth, B. Burm. p. I55 ; Dresser, 

 B. Eur. viii. p. 157, pi.; Hume, Str. F. viii. p, 113; Legge, B. Ceylon 

 p. 852 ; Murray, Vert. Zool. Sind, p. 256; Oates, B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 404 ; 

 Murray, Avif. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 622, No. 1305. Scolopax calidris, Zz«7Z., 

 Syst. Nat. i. p. 245. — The Red Shank, 



Winter Plumage. — Forehead, crown, nape, back of the neck, upper back 

 and scapulars cinereous or glossy olive brown, the feathers on the back and 

 scapulars dark shafted ; supercilium and orbital ring white ; chin and throat 

 white ; sides of the face greyish white, with narrow brown streaks ; neck in 

 front and breast greyish white, with dusky or greyish brown linear markings ; 

 primaries dusky, their inner webs white ; the first quill white shafted, and 

 some of the inner ones white tipped ; secondaries white ; tertials like the 

 back ; wing coverts olive brown, the greater ones tipped with white ; axillaries, 

 under wing coverts, abdomen, vent and under tail coverts white ; lower back 

 white; upper tail co orts and tail white, barred with dusky. 



Length. — 11-5 inches; tail 27; wing 6-45 ; bill at front 17 to 1-9, reddish 

 at the base, its terminal half dark brown ; tarsus 2 ; irides brown ; legs red, 



Hab. — India generally and Ceylon during winter. Sind, Persia, Beloo- 

 chistan and Afghanistan, Southern and Western India, N,-W. Provinces, 

 Oudh, and Burmah generally. Breeds in the North of Europe, 



175. TotanuS fuSCUS {Lijin.), Jerd., B. I7td.\\\. p. 702, No, 896; 

 Hume, Str. F. i. p. 248 ; "Dresser, B. Eur. viii. p. 165, pi, ; Cockburn, Str. 

 F. iv, p. 509; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 113; Legge, B. Ceylon p, 848; 

 Murray, Vert. Zool. Sind, pp. 255, 256 ; Mtirray, Avif. Brit. I7id. ii. 

 p. 622, No. 1306. — The Spotted Red Shank, 



In winter the forehead, crown, nape, back of neck and upper back ashy 

 grey, finely streaked with dusky ; supercilium white, and a dusky streak from 

 the base of the bill to the eye ; chin and throat white, sides of face white 

 with some fine dusky streaks; breast and under parts mottled and barred 

 with dingy ash brown and dull fulvous, or greyish white ; upper back, scapu- 

 lars, shoulder of wing and lesser coverts a glossy olive brown, darker on the 

 upper back and tertiaries, all the feathers spotted on the edges with white ; 

 the wing coverts also tipped with white ; lower back white ; rump barred with 

 undulating lines of ashy brown and white ; tail also barred the same ; 

 primaries dark brown, the inner ones pale brown, tipped and mottled with 

 white ; secondaries barred white and pale brown ; legs deep orange red ; bill 

 blackish, orange at the base beneath. 



Length. — 13 inches ; wing 675 ; tail 2-5 ; tarsus 2-8 ; bill 2*4, 

 Hab. — Throughout India during winter, also the Province of Burmah and 

 Ceylon ; usually solitary or in very small parties. It is a sea shore bird, but is 



