138 THE BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 
Bill, very slightly 
hooked or notched at tip; 
not flattened at base, as 
in the Flycatchers; toes, 
joined at base. Plain 
colored birds, usually 
greenish or grayish, at 
times, with wash of yellow on underparts; no white on tail. 
Family VIREONID-E. Vireos. 
See page 271. 
Part 2. Tip of upper mandible not notched or hooked. 
(1.) Toes, 4; nostrils, opening into a soft, 
fleshy membrane; tarsus, usually shorter than 
toes. 
Family COLUMBID-Z. Pigeons and Doves. 
See page 155. 
(2.) Bill, pointed; first primary, not short; base of bill, 
extending upon and dividing the feathers of the forehead; 
nostrils, exposed; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 
Family ICTERIDAE. Orioles. 
see page 213. 
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392 Ns 410 440 
398 
(3.) First primary, not short, 
never Jess than two thirds as long as 
second or third; bill, stout and coni= 
cal; nostrils, near the culmen; prim- 
aries, 93 tarsus, flattened behind. 
Family FRINGILLIDAE. Finches, Sparrows, Crossbills, and Buntings, 
See page 226, 
498 515 
(4.) First primary, never less than two thirds as long as 
third, and often nearly the same length; bill, slender and pointed 5 
back of tarsus, thin and sharp, not rounded, as in front; hind toe 
and claw, not longer than middle toe and claw. 
Family MNIOTILTIDAZ. Warbiers. 
See page 275, 
