KEY TO FAMILIES. — LAND BIRDS. 143 
Part 2. First primary, more than half as long as third. 
‘Toes, four, hind toe not elevated above the rest; nostril, opening into a soft fleshy mem- 
brane; tarsus, usually shorter than the toes. 
Family COLUIMBIDA:. Pigeons and Doves. 
See page 155. 
Toes, four, the hind toe elevated above the rest; bill, rather short and stout; wing. short 
and somewhat rounded, the outer primaries curved. 
Family TETRAONIDA. Grouse and Quail. 
(a) ‘Tarsus feathered; wing, over 5.50 inches long. 
Subfamily TETRAONINA:. Grouse. 
(6) Tarsus, bare; wing, less than 5.50 inches long. 
Subfamily PERDICINA:. Partridges. Quail. 
See page 149. 
Feet, small and weak; front toes, sometimes webbed at base; primaries, ten; mouth, large ; 
bill. very small, in comparison with size of bird; middle toe nail, with comb-like edge. 
iG 
Family CAPRIMULGIDA=. Whippoorwills, Night-hawks, etc. 
See page 198. 
