146 THE BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 
First primary, not short, never less than two thirds as long as second or third; bill, stout 
and conical; nostrils, high, near the culmen; primaries, nine; tarsus, flattened behind. 
392 , 
= Wh 
Family FRINGILLIDA=. Sparrows, Crossbills, Finches, Buntings, etc. 
See page 226. 
Bill, somewhat fringilline, but having a small “tooth,” near the middle of 
the edge of upper mandible; primaries, nine ; tarsus, seutellate. But two species 
(a third accidental): Males, bright red, one with black wings; one female is 
Zz =6COlive green above, and yellowish green below; the other is olive green above, 
454 ae and the underparts, dull orange yellow or buff yellow. (If bird does not agree 
with above description, see Fringillida.) Family TANAGRIDAE. Tanagers. 
See page 263. 
Bill, without notch; head, with crest; primaries, ten; tarsus, shorter 
than middle toe and claw; a black stripe from forehead threugh the 
eye; inner primaries and tail feathers, often tipped with little hard red 
bits, like minute drops of sealing wax; general plumage, venaceus gray 
brown; tail, tipped with yellow. 
Family AMPELIDAE. Waxwings, Cedar Birds. ee 
See page 139. EB 
Bill, pointed, and somewhat rounded; back of tarsus, 
rounded; hind toe nail, elongated, equal or longer than the 
toe; nostrils, nearly or quite concealed by tufts of hair= 
like feathers ; wing, over 4 inches long. 
Family ALAUDIDAE. Larks. 
See page 208. 
