148 THE BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 
Eyes not surrounded by radiated disk of 
feathers; plumage, black or dark brown; 
RS, hind toe, short; claws, not sharp: head, 
bare in adult. 
Family CATHARTIDA:. Vultures. 
See page 158. 
Eyes not surrounded by radiated disk of feathers, as in the Owls: toes, armed with talons ; 
head, not bare. 
ONIDAZ. Hawks, Eagles, etc. 
See page 161. 
Eyes, surrounded by 
radiated disk of feathers ; 
plumage, soft; bill, 
hooked: toes, armed with 
talons. 
(a) Middle toe nail with comb-like edge. 
Family STRIGIDAe. Barn Owls. 
See page 181. 
es (b) Middle toe without comb-like edge. 
Family BUBONIDA=. Horned Owls, Hoot Owls. 
See page 186. 
Toes, four, two in front and two behind (zygodactyle) ; tail 
feathers, stiff and pointed. Family PICIDAE. Woodpeckers. 
See page 191. 
Plumage, glossy black; first primary, much shorter than 
second, not exceeding half as long as third; fourth, or fifth primary, 
longest; bill, stout and strong; the nostrils, concealed by coarse, 
hair-like feathers ; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 
Family CORVIDAZ. Crows and Ravens. 
See page 201. 
