222 KEY TO THE BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, 
Group 4. Wing, 4.75 to 5.50 inches long. 
First primary, not short; base of bill, dividing the feathers of the fore- 
head; nostrils, exposed ; outer tail feathers, shorser than middle feathers. 
General plumage, metallic blue, 
green, purple, and bronze. 
Crow Blackbird. 
Purple Grackle. 
Quiscalus quiscula, and races. 
See No. 383. 
383 Ny 
_ 
Upper plumage, dark brown, or blackish; crown, brown; underparts, brown- 
ish gray, shading to brownish white or buffy white on the throat. 
Boat-tailed Grackle. 
Quiscalus major (female). 
See No. 386. 
General plumage, black; a 
patch of scarlet red on 
the shoulder. 
Red-winged Blackbird. 
Agelaius phaeniceus (adult male) 
See No. 373. 
