Our Common Birds and How to Know Them 
The last two are the only ones of which there are living specimens and it is only con- 
cerning birds which belong to the last sub-class of all, that is Carinat#, that we have 
here to deal. 
Birds of this sub-class are characterized. besides other particulars, by— 
The keeled breast-bone, 
A special adaptation to flight, and 
The absence of teeth. 
The sub-class CaRINAT# 1s separated into the following Orders : 
1 Pygopodes : Diving Birds. 10 Gallinz : Gallinaceous Birds. 
2 Longipennes : Long-winged Swimmers. 11 Columbze : Pigeons. 
3 Tubinares : Tube-nosed Swimmers. 12 Raptores: Birds of Prey. 
4 Steganopodes : Totipalmate Swimmers. 13 Psittaci : Parrots, Macaws, Paroquets, etc. 
5 Anseres : Lamellirostral Swimmers. 14 Coccyges : Cuckoos, etc. 
6 Odontoglosse : Lamellirostral grallatotes. 15 Pici: Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, etc. 
7 Herodiones: Herons, Storks, Ibises, etc. 16 Macrochires : Goatsuckers, Swifts, etc. 
8 Paludicole : Cranes, Rails, etc. 17 Passeres : Perching Birds 
9 Limicolz : Shore Birds. 
