and spots ; tail rounded, black, the outer feathers patched with white ; 
bill black ; legs brown. Length, 8.35 inches. 
Migratory. Arrives middle of April, leaves late in October. Nests on the ground. 
Its notes, chewink and towhee, suggest its popular names. 
A bird not given to long flights nor fond of lofty situations, but commonly found in 
thickets or upon the ground scratching among the leaves. 
PLATE XXXVI.—CARDINAL GROSBEAK. CARDINAL. 
Cardinalis cardinalis. 
Prevailing color red, darker on back; splendidly crested ; face and 
throat black ; upper surface of wings and tail grayish, the latter long 
and nearly square; bill light, tinged with red; feet brown. Length, 
8.40 inches. 
Migratory. A shy and rather rare, but strikingly handsome, bird. It usually visits 
us only during the hottest months, and seldom nests so far north as our latitude. Dr, 
135 
