38 A MANUAL OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
seventy years ago.) Freshly moulted specimens have head, hind-neck, sides of 
neck and mantle dark bluish-grey ; median and greater wing-coverts and back 
ashy-grey with noticeable white fringes to the feathers ; lower back lighter ; rump 
dark, like head ; upper tail-coverts and tail like lower back, but tips of tail-feathers 
darker. All the feathers of the upper-surface with lighter bases ; from the back to 
the tail pure white bases. 
Adult female—Not so dark above as the male and slightly smaller in all the 
measurements. 
Nestling—About four weeks old. Head and the whole upper-surface covered 
with bluish-grey down, extending on to the flanks ; chin, throat, and upper-breast, 
white ; centre of breast, abdomen, and under-tail, white. Bill, black, interdigital 
membrane fleshy-white and basal half, black. Total length 8 inches. 
Younger birds, about 5 inches in Jength, show more of the white on the under- 
surface. 
Nest—A depression in the ground, or a crevice among loose stones, lined 
with a small quantity of broken pieces of dead fronds of the cabbage palm. 
Egg—One ; soft chalky-white, rounded oval; dimensions 50 mm. by 37. 
Breeding-season— November and December. 
Distribution and forms.—Pacifie Ocean only. Seven forms are known, but 
whether these should be considered subspecies or specifically distinct is problematical. 
These forms are C. c. cookii (Gray) from New Zealand mainland ; C. c. leucoptera 
(Gould) from Eastern Australia, in its darker coloration above and smaller size ; 
C. c. nigripennis (Rothschild) from the Kermadec Group, in its dark inner webs to 
the primaries ; C. c. axillaris (Salvin) from the Chatham Islands, on account of its 
black axillaries (all the other forms have white axillaries) ; C. c. defilippiana (Giglioli 
and Salvadori) from western South America, paler than the typical form with 
shorter legs and tail; C. c. longirostris (Stejneger) from the Japanese Isles with a 
longer, thinner bill and dark upper coloration with white inner webs to primaries ; 
and C. c. hypoleuca (Salvin) from the Marshall and Bonin Group with a dark upper 
coloration and dark inner webs to primaries and also a decidedly longer tail than 
any of the others. And Dr. Einar Lénnberg has described C. c. masafuere from 
Juan Fernandez. 
Genus DAPTION. 
Daption Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., Vol. XIII., pt. 1., p. 239, Feb. 18th, 1826. Type 
(by original designation): Procellaria capensis Linné. 
Calopetes Sundevall, Meth. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., p. 142, (before June 12th) 1873. New name 
for Daption. 
Petrella Mathews, Auk, Vol. XXXI., p. 91, Jan. Ist, 1914, ex Zimmermann. Type (by 
monotypy): P. capensis Linné. (Discarded as of a binary, but not binomial writer.) 
Medium Fulmarine Petrels with long broad bills, long wings, long tail, and 
strong legs and feet. The bill is long with long nasal tubes lying along the culmen 
about half its length and the unguis comparatively weak ; the laterals are expanded 
and inside have obsolete pectinations. The lower mandible has a curved unguis, 
while the mandibular rami are curved and wide apart enclosing an unfeathered skin, 
which can be puffed out like a pouch. The wing has the first primary longest. The 
tail is rounded, with fourteen feathers, more than one-third the length of the wing. 
The legs are comparatively stout and of less lateral compression than on the Puffinine 
forms, and the tarsus is a little longer than the culmen ; the middle toe is exceeded 
by the outer, and the hind-toe is a mere spur. 
ne Coloration unique, brown spots above, brown head, back and wings and white 
elow. 
