106 A MANUAL OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
(Sparrman), but probably more than one race will be admitted, the South Trinidad 
race having been named Leucanous albus crawfordi (Nicoll.) 
Famity LARID/A. 
Gulls are superficially easily separable from the other members of the suborder 
as above diagnosed. The two genera recorded for Australia deserve investigation 
as to the internal features, as one of them, Gabianus, has received generic recognition 
by writers who commonly lumped the most diverse species together. It differs 
very appreciably from the other Australian species referred to Bruchigavia, and 
comparison would be valuable. 
Internally, the Gulls differ from the Terns in the leg muscle formula being 
always AXY-L, the accessory femoro-caudal being always absent, while the expansor 
secundariorum is always present. The ceca are rudimentary, the digestive system 
periccelous and mesogyrous. The pterylosis is a little different from that of the 
preceding family and the coloration of the downy young seems to be of one style only. 
Genus BRUCHIGAVIA. 
Bruchigavia Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., Vol. II., p. 228, Oct. 1857. Type (by monotypy) : 
Larus xovehollandie Stephens. 
Gulls are seabirds with webbed feet and a hooked bill, but the nostrils are 
not tubular. As before noted they superficially resemble Petrels, but have had a 
different origin. At the present time no up-to-date classification exists. 
The bill is short and stout, between two and three times as long as it is deep, 
with the maxilla longer, and the tip bent over the mandible ; the tail is short and 
and generally square. The nostrils are placed in a suture at some distance from the 
base of the bill, and are oblong in shape. The tarsus is fairly moderate and the feet 
are large and fully webbed; the hind-toe fully developed, though small. First 
primary longest. The tail is shorter than the wing, and square. 
Bruchigavia is characterised by having the tail less than half the length of the 
wing, and the bill is short and robust, though of a delicate shape ; the nostrils are 
proportionately very long and linear. 
Coloration grey above, white below. 
75. Bruchigavia novehollandie.—_SILVER GULL. 
Gould, Vol. VII., pl. 20 (pt. xxxv.), Dec. Ist, 1848. Mathews, Vol. II., pt. 4, pl. 120, Nov. 
Ist, 1912. 
Larus novehollandie Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., Vol. XIII., pt. 1., p. 196, Feb. 18th, 
1826: New South Wales, based on Watling drawing No. 277, the source of Latham’s Crimson- 
billed Gull. 
Larus jamesonii Wilson, Ilustr. Zool., pt. vi., pl. xxt., 1829: “‘ shores of New Holland” = 
Tasmania. 
Larus erythrorhynchus ‘‘ Lath.’’ Burton, Cat. Coll. Mamm. Birds Mus. Fort Pitt, Chatham, 
p- 46, (pref. April Ist) 1838, based on Latham’s Crimson-billed Gull: New South Wales. 
Gavia gouldii ‘‘ Bp.’’ Bruch, Journ. fiir Ornith., 1853, heft 2, p. 102, March. In synonymy 
of jamesonit Wilson, from Vandiemens Land. 
Gavia andersonit Bruch, ib., p. 102: ‘‘ Neu-Seeland ’? = ? New South Wales. 
Gavia pomarre Bruch, %b., p. 103: ‘‘ Gesellschaft’s-Inseln ’”’ errore = ? New South Wales, 
Type in Mainz Mus. 
Gelastes corallinus Bonaparte, Naumannia, 1854, p. 216: New South Wales. 
Gelastes gouldi Bonaparte, 7b.: Torres Straits, Queensland. 
Not of Bruch 1853 as above. 
Bruchigavia longirostris Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., Vol. II., p. 113, July 1877: 
King George Sound, South-west Australia. 
