132 A MANUAL OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
rump with grey tipping ; coverts with paler tips, scapulars with broad whitish tips, 
inner secondaries with buffish tips, outer secondaries with white edgings ; under- 
surface white with an indistinct ashy band across chest. 
Nestling, Nest and Eggs—Appear to be undescribed. 
Distribution and forms.—Breeding in the Arctic Regions of eastern Palearctica, 
migrating southwards to Australia and Tasmania in winter. No subspecies are 
known and it is a distinct species from P. minuta, though apparently geographically 
replacing that species. 
gt. Pisobia subminuta——LONG-TOED STINT. 
Mathews, Vol. IIT., pt. 3, pls. 159-160, Aug. 8th, 1913. 
Tringa subminuta Middendorff, Sibirische Reise, Vol. II., pt. 2, p. 222, 1851: Siberia. 
Pisobia subminuta bowerit Mathews, Emu, Vol. XVI., pt. 1, p. 35, July Ist, 1916: Fitzroy 
River, North-west Australia. 
DISTRIBUTION. — Siberia to Australia (visitor). One specimen preserved in Mathews’s 
collection. 
Adult male in summer-plumage.—General colour above black, rufous, and grey ; 
crown of head, back, and scapulars black, the feathers margined with rufous ; upper 
hind-neck inclining to brown, with grey margins ; lesser, median, and greater wing- 
coverts brown, with pale or whitish margins at the tips ; bastard-wing and primary- 
eoverts dark brown, the latter tipped with white ; primary-quills also dark brown, 
the outer, or first, primary with a white shaft ; secondaries pale brown, fringed with 
white at the tips, the long innermost secondaries dark brown with rufous margins ; 
rump and upper tail-coverts black, the lateral feathers white ; middle tail-feathers 
blackish with pale margins, the outer feathers grey with white edges ; superciliary 
line whitish ; sides of face and sides of neck buff, with pale brown streaks becoming 
broader on the sides of the neck and narrower again on the lower throat ; chin and 
upper throat white like the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts ; sides of breast 
like the sides of the neck; axillaries white as also the median under wing-coverts, 
the marginal coverts and the greater series pale brown; bill black, base of lower 
mandible olive-brown ; iris dark brown ; feet greenish-yellow. Total length 163 mm. ; 
culmen 18, wing 93, tail 40, tarsus 22. 
Adult female—Similar to the adult male. 
Adult in winter-plumage —Differs from the male in summer-dress by the absence 
of rufous on the feathers of the upper-surface, which is replaced by olive margins ; 
the grey on the hind-neck as well as the dark grey on the fore-neck and chest, and the 
marginal coverts on the under-wing being almost black. 
Immature —Top of head dark brown with pale edgings to the feathers ; indistinct 
loral brown streak; back of neck greyish-brown with paler grey edges; upper 
back black with buff edgings ; lower back black as rump, latter with white tips ; 
tail-feathers with white tips, centre pair with buffish tips; scapulars and inner 
secondaries with broad buff edges, coverts with white tips ; throat white, chest with 
dusky-grey streaks, rest of under-surface pure white. 
Nestling, Nest and Eggs——Appear to be undescribed. 
Distribution and forms—Breeds in Eastern and Central Siberia, not farther 
north than 66° N. in easternmost parts of its range, ranging to Australia in winter. 
No subspecies are known, and the long toes sufficiently distinguish this as a species 
from its allies, like P. minuta and P. minutilla. 
Genus CROCETHIA. 
Crocethia Billberg, Synops. Faune Scand., Vol. I., pt. m., tab. A and p. 132, 1828. Newname 
for Calidris Iliger 1811 not of (Anon.) 1804. Type (by monotypy): Charadrius calidris 
Linné = Trynga alba Vroeg. 
