140 A MANUAL OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
becoming brown on the sides of the breast where it forms a patch. Total length 
215 mm.; culmen 26, wing 112, tail 58, tarsus 24. 
Adult female in summer-plumage.—Similar to the male but larger, and the streaks 
on the middle of and the patch on the sides of breast not so strongly pronounced. 
Adult male in winter-plumage—Differs from the summer-plumage in being 
more bronzy-olive on the back and scapulars, the crossing and shaft-lines not so 
strongly pronounced, the bars on the wings minute and composed of black and buff ; 
bill brown, base of lower mandible grey ; iris brown ; feet leaden-grey tinged with 
brown. 
Adult female in winter-plumage.—Similar to the male. 
Immature—Upper-surface brown, each feather fringed with a buffish tip and 
darker succeeding mark ; wing-coverts barred with whitish and with buffish tips ; 
inner secondaries barred with white on outer webs ; tail barred, tips buff, otherwise 
as in summer-plumage. 
Nestling—Upper-surface pale ash-grey and with a black striped pattern of 
marking and no spangling ; a black loral line and a black frontal line ; under-surface 
creamish-grey. 
Nest.—A depression in the grass. 
Eggs.—Clutch, four ; ground-colour either greyish or yellowish-white, covered 
all over with underlying spots of grey, and others, few and irregular, of deep or cofiee- 
brown. On some there are a few lines and zigzags; generally the markings are 
thicker on the large end, which is sometimes even smudged with brown; axis 33 
to 37.2 mm., diameter 24.8 to 26.2. 
Breeding-season.— June and July. (Sakhalin Island.) 
Distribution and forms—Breeding in Europe and Asia, migrating southward 
in winter. The eastern form is at present indefinable, but later study with good 
series may reinstate it. 
Genus TEREKIA. 
Terekia Bonaparte, Comp. List Birds, Europe and N. Amer., p. 52, April 14th, 1838. Type 
(by monotypy): Totanus javanicus Horsfield = Scolopax cinerea Gueldenstadt. 
Xenus Kaup, Skizz. Entwick.-Gesch. Nat. Syst., p. 115, pref. April 1829. Type (by mono- 
typy): Scolopax cinerea Gueldenstadt. 
Not Xenos Rossi, Mantissa Insect., Vol. II., p. 114, 1794. 
Stmorhynchus Keyserling und Blasius, Wirbelth. Europa’s, p. Lxxtv., (before April) 1840: 
Type (by monotypy): S. cinerea Gueldenstadt. 
Not of Merrem, Ersch und Gruber, Allg. Ency., Vol. II., p. 405, 1819. 
Rhynchosimus Heine und Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein., p. 326, (pref. Sept.) 1890. New 
name for Simorhynchus Keys. und Blasius. 
Smallest Totanine Waders with very long upcurved bills, long wings, medium 
tail, short legs, and long toes. The culmen is very long and distinctly upturned, 
with the tip not expanded but decurved ; the base of the culmen is considerably 
wider than the tip, and the lower mandible has the base proportionately more swollen, 
the interramal space being unfeathered ; the groove in the upper mandible extends 
more than half the length of the culmen. The culmen is less than half the length 
of the wing, but more than one-third. The wings are long and pointed with first 
primary longest, and are more than twice the length of the tail. The tail is rounded 
and of medium length being longer than the culmen, but less than half the length 
of the wing. The metatarsus is short, but is more than half the length of the culmen, 
and is regularly scutellate in front and behind. The toes are long and the outer 
connected with the middle by a distinct basal web which almost extends to the 
second joint, the inner showing a distinct web with the middle one which extends 
to the first joint ; the middle toe is shorter than the metatarsus, and a long hind-toe 
is present. 
