160 A MANUAL OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
Tringa oahuensis Bloxham, Voy. “‘ Blonde,’’ Sandwich Is., p. 251, 1826 = Feb. 20th, 1827 : 
Sandwich Islands. 
Charadrius cinclus Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., Vol. II., p. 148, 1827: Siberia. 
[Strepsilas interpres) pacificus Nelson, Cruise of the Corwin in 1881, p. 83, 1883, pref. March 
3rd: Behring Sea, Coast and East Asia. 
Arenaria interpres nova Mathews, Austral Av. Rec., Vol. III., pt. 4, p. 69, July 21st, 1917: 
Rottnest Island, West Australia. 
DistTrIBurTion.— Winter visitor to Australia, breeding in the northern hemisphere. 
Adult male in breeding-plumage.—tLores, fore-part of crown, sides of crown, 
and sides of neck white like the lower back and upper tail-coverts, as also the throat, 
middle of breast, abdomen, under tail-coverts, axillaries, and under wing-coverts ; 
fore-head black with white fringes to the feathers ; a black line in front of the eye 
joined to a black patch on the sides of the face which extends in a line on to the 
sides of the neck and is continued in a large space of black round the lower throat 
and sides of breast ; crown of the head, the feathers fringed with white, giving a 
streaked appearance ; hind-neck white, the feathers tipped with brown and_ buff ; 
a black spot on each side of the nape ; the feathers of the mantle white, tipped with 
chestnut and a small black elongated spot ; some of the feathers of the back and 
scapulars are chestnut tipped with black, while others are black tipped with chestnut ; 
rump dark brown ; tail mostly white with a broad subterminal black band, the 
outermost pair of feathers white with the exception of a brown spot on the inner web 
near the tip ; lesser upper wing-coverts dark brown, some of the innermost white, 
those on the outer edge white with a subterminal brown spot; bastard-wing and 
outer median coverts brown, the inner ones for the most part chestnut ; greater 
coverts brown margined and tipped with white ; primary-coverts and primary-quills 
brown, the latter paler brown on the inner webs, with white shafts and white on the 
outer webs towards the base ; secondaries for the most part brown margined and 
tipped with white, the innermost brown varied with chestnut and white, some of 
the feathers pure white; bill black, eyes brown, feet red, joints brown. Total 
length 225 mm. ; culmen 25, wing 155, tail 61, tarsus 24. 
Adult female in breeding-plumage.—Similar to the male but with more black 
on the mantle and less chestnut; the feathers on the crown of the head black 
margined with brown ; the white on the sides of the head and fore-part of crown 
not so clearly defined. 
Adult in winter-plumage.—Differs from the breeding-plumage in the entire 
absence of chestnut on the upper-surface where it is replaced by dark brown, or 
black, with pale brown margins to the feathers ; head and hind-neck dusky-brown 
more or less intermixed or streaked with white like the ear-coverts and sides of face, 
the feathers on the sides of the upper-breast very similar. 
Immature-—Upper-parts dark brown with paler brown edges to the feathers 
of the scapulars and upper wing-coverts ; entire head, sides of face, hind-neck and 
sides of neck dusky-brown becoming black on the fore-neck and sides of breast, 
where the feathers are more or less edged with white. 
Immature just out of down.—Black breast-band mottled with white tips ; 
upper-parts with pale rufous tips. 
Nestling in down.—Pale greyish-brown with a wash of yellow and mottled with 
black on upper-surface and top of head, showing no definite pattern ; an indistinct 
frontal streak not reaching bill ; fore-head and above and around the eyes yellowish- 
brown ; loral black stripe with a black spot below in front of gape ; under-surface 
pale creamy-white, an indistinct dark band across chest through dark bases to down ; 
winglet mottled black and brown with white tip. A few days older shows typical 
bill formation ; coloration greyer, mottling more confused on top of head and back ; 
neck paler as in previous stage while there is a distinct broad blackish breast-band, 
the chin and throat and rest of under-surface pure white. 
Nest.—A slight depression, sometimes lined with grass. 
