DOUBLE-BANDED DOTTEREL. 167 
white at the tips on the outer web; middle tail-feathers rather darker brown than 
the back, becoming paler on the outer feathers which have white edges at the tip, 
the outermost pair almost pure white ; fore-part of crown, lores, and cheeks black 
like the broad band which crosses the lower throat ; a wide chestnut band on the 
lower-breast ; fore-head and a narrow line over to behind the eye white like the 
throat, the space dividing the chestnut-and-black bands on the breast, abdomen, 
under tail-coverts, axillaries, and under wing-coverts ; bill black slightly tinged 
with olive ; iris blackish-brown, eyelids scarlet; feet pale yellowish-white, the 
joints of the toes and knees browner. Total length 190 mm. ; culmen 19, wing 127, 
tail 56, tarsus 33. 
Adult female——Similar to the adult male but the colours not so distinct. 
Female nearly adult—Upper-parts similar to the adult male but the feathers 
everywhere margined with rufous, the black on the fore-head and cheeks scarcely 
pronounced, the dark band on the lower throat brown instead of black, and the 
chestnut band on the breast much paler and narrower. 
Adult in winter-plumage.—Distinguished from the adult in breeding-plumage 
by the absence of the black on the lores, cheeks, and fore-part of head, also the 
chestnut and black bands on the lower throat and breast. 
Young.—Differs from the adult in the feathers of the upper-surface being 
margined with rufous, by the absence of any black on the fore-head, lores, and cheeks, 
these parts being washed with sandy-buff, which colour is also shown on the lower 
throat, where the black band of the adult is indicated by an irregular band of brown 
feathers ; but there is no sign of a chestnut band. 
Other immature birds in Mathews’s collection differ from the adult in having 
the bands on the chest and throat narrower, less defined, and mixed with white, and 
the black on the fore-head, lores, and cheeks less pronounced. 
Nestling with down adhering.—Top of head brown with well-marked brown 
tips ; no loral stripe ; back of neck spotted black and white down which also can 
be seen on rump and tail; all back, secondaries, scapulars, etc., are brown with 
broad rufous edges ; primaries very short brown ; under-surface chestnut from 
chin to abdomen which is white ; bill long. 
Nestling in down.—Covered with soft down of a bright sandy-yellow on the 
upper-surface, changing to yellowish-white on the under parts ; the crown of the 
head and the back prettily mottled with dark brown, of which there is also a broad 
streak on the wings and thighs. 
Fledgeling —Feathers of the upper-parts brown largely margined with fulvous, 
under parts white with fulvous markings on the breast ; the sides of the head and 
lower part of back and rump covered with down of a dull sandy-yellow, spotted 
with black, and with fluffy down still adhering to other parts of the body. Bill 
dark brown, legs brownish-grey. 
Nest.—A depression in the earth. 
Eggs. — Clutch, three ; greenish-brown, much sprinkled with dark brown 
markings ; axis 35 mm., diameter 26. 
Breeding season.—August to December. (New Zealand.) 
Distribution and forms.—Australia and New Zealand, but not yet found breeding 
in Australia, though occurring in West Australia, from which locality Mathews 
proposed the subspecies NV. 6. incertus, but no further knowledge has since 
been added. 
Genus PAGOA. 
Pagoa Mathews, Birds Austr., Vol. III., pt. 1, p. 82, April 2nd, 1913. Type (by original 
designation): Charadrius geoffroyt Wagler = C. leschenaulizi Lesson. 
Plovers of medium size with very stout bills, long wings, short legs and 
medium feet. 
