of some Doctrines of Political Economy. 2(>7 



cultivation. Hence the whole nuuiber of acres in cultivation will 

 now be a— a„, and the whole produce ar — a„r„. Let the produce 

 of the last quality be of the whole produce a fraction m, so that 

 ar — a„r„ = ar{\ — m), the produce during- the tax. Also the capital 

 ac will be diminished by «„c,„ which we will suppose to be 

 a fraction v of the whole caj^ital, and hence the capital em- 

 ployed during' the tax will be ac{\ — v). Hence we have 



M ithont the Tax. Witli the Tax. 



Rent arp — acq ar {\ - u) p' — {a — a„)t — ac {I —v)q. 



Return and profits acq ac(\ —v)q. 



Tax {a-a„)t. 



Whole price of-, , . , 



' \ arp aril — u)p . 



the produce j 



The rent and return with profits in the first case, and the 

 rent, return with jirofits and tax in the second, are equal to the 

 whole jnice of the produce. 



Hence we have by the imposition of the tax 



Diminution of rent = arp~ar{\ —u)p' + (a — a,)t — acqv. 

 If the whole tax be of the whole price of the produce 

 a fraction /c, constant or variable witli the variations of price, &c. 



Diminution of rent = arp — ar{i — m) (1 — k)p' - acqv. 



Diminution of profits, &c. = acqv. 



Increase of price = ar {\ —u)p' — arp. 



Tax =kar{\-u)p'. 



The tax therefore is the sum of the diminution of rent, the 

 diminution of return to capital, and the increase of price; that is, 

 of what is taken from the landlord, what is taken from the capitalist, 

 and what is taken from the consumer, as it manifestly must be: 

 and we have to consider how these portions are determined. 



The diminution of the capitalist's share ari.ses from the dimi- 

 nution of the capital employed, by the throwing' of the lan«l 



