222 



Mr. Mallet on the Physical Conditions 



Table XI. 

 Showing the Physical Properties of the Atomic Alloys of Copper and Zinc, and of Copper and Tin, 



COPPER AND ZINC. 



Chemical 

 Cou3titutloQ. 



- + e- 



Cu 



10 Cu 



OCu 



8Ca 



7Ca 



6Cu 



5Cu 



4Cu 



3Cu 



5Cu 



2Ca 



19 Cu 



Cu 



Cu 



SCa 



8Ca 



8Cu 



8Cu 



8Cu 



8Cu 



8Cu 



Cu 



Cii 



Cu 



Zn 



Zn 



Zn 



Zn 



Zn 



Zn 



Zn 



Zn 



2Zu 



Zn 



+ 12Zn 



4- Zn 



+ 2Zll 



+ 17Zn 



+ 13Zn 



+ 19Zn 



l20Zn 



1 21 Zn 



T 22 Zn 



T23Zn 



1 3Zn 



4Zn 



5Zn 



Zn 



Tile-red. 



Reddish-yellow, 1 

 lled'Iish-yellow, 2 

 Reddish-yellow, 3 

 Reddish-yellow, 4 

 Tellowiah-red, 3 

 Yellowish-red, 2 

 Yello\Wsh-red, 1 

 Pale yellow. 



Full yellow, : 

 Full yellow. 



Full yellow, i 

 Deep yellow. 



Silver-white, J 



Silver-white, i 



Silver-gray, i 



Ash-gray, 1 



Silver-gray, i 



Suver-gray, ] 



Ash-gray, ' 



Ash-gray, : 



Ash-gray, ; 

 Veiy dark-gray. 

 Bluish-gray. 



Ultimate -d ; 



Cohesion 1 3 ^ 



per square g^g^ 



inch. I g ; 



E. 

 C.C. 



F.C. 

 F.C. 

 F.C. 

 F.F. 

 F.C. 

 F.C. 

 E.C. 



F.C. 



C. 

 C.C. 

 C.C. 



C. 

 V.C. 



C. 



V. 



C. 



C. 

 F.C. 

 F.C. 

 F.C. 

 F.C. 

 T.C. 





Tons. 

 24-6 

 12-1 

 11-5 

 12-8 

 13-2 

 14-1 

 18-7 

 14-7 

 13-1 



12-5 

 1-9 

 9-2 



19-3 

 2-1 

 2-2 

 0-7 

 3-2 

 0-9 

 0-8 

 6-9 

 3-1 

 1-9 

 1-8 



15-2 



' "-3 



Commercial Title& 



Characteristic Properties in 



Working, &C. 



Copper. 



{Several of these 

 are malleatle al 

 high tempera- 

 tures. 



Bath metal 



Dutch Brass. 



Rolled sheet Brass. 



Normal Brass. 



British Brass. 



Muutz patent sheathing. 



German Brass. 



„ Brass, Watchmakers'. 

 Very brittle, 



Very brittle, 

 Very brittle. 

 Brittle, i 

 Brittle, 



Very brittle, J 

 Barely malleable- 

 Brittle. 



A\niite Button metal. 

 Brittle. 

 Brittle, Zinc. 



Too hard to file 

 or turn, lustre 

 nerly equal to 

 Specul tun metal. 



COPPER AND TIN. 



Cu + 



10CU + 



9Cu + 



8Cu + 



7Cu + 



6Cu + 



5Cu + 



4Cu + 



3Cu + 



2Cu + 



Cu + 



Cu + 



Cu + 



Cu + 



Cu + 



Sn 



Sn 



Sn 



Sn 



Sn 



Sn 



Sn 



Sn 



Sn 



Sn 



2Sn 



3Sn 



4Sn 



5Sn 



Sn 



100-00 + 



84-29+ 15-71 



82-S1+ 17-19 



81-10+ lS-90 



78-97+ 21-03 



76-29+ 23-71 



72-80+ 27-20 



68-21+ 31-79 



61-69+ 33-31 



51-76+ 48-25 



34-92+ 65-08 



21-15+ 73-85 



15-171+ 84-83 



11-82+ 8S-1S 



9-68+ 90-32 

 + 100-00 



Tile-red. 



Reddish-yellow, 1 



Reddish-yellow, 2 



Yellowish-red, 2 



Yello^i-ish-red, 1 



Bluish-red, 1 



Lluish-red, 2 

 Ash-gray. 

 Dark-gray. 



Grayish-white, 1 



^Vliiter still, 2 



miiter still, 3 



WTiiter still, 4 



\niiter still, 5 



"Whiter stiU, 6 



Wliire, 7 



Copper. 



Gun -metal, &c. 



Gun-iretal. &c 



Gun-toetal. tempers beat. 



Hard mill Brasses, &c. 



Brittle, r All these 



Brittle, I Alloys found 



Crumbles, I occasionally 



Crumbles, < In Bells, and 



Brittle, Specula with 



Small bells, brittle, mixtures of 



brittle, t.Zn. andPb. 

 Speculum metal of Authors. 



„ Files, tough. 



„ Files, soft and tough. 

 Tin. 



Abbreviations used in Column 7 to denote character of Fracture : — F.C. Fine Crystalline, C.C. Coarse Cr^'StalUne, T.C. Tabular Cryatal- 

 liue. F.F. Fini? Fibroas, C. Couchoidal, V.C. Vitrco-Conchoidal, V. Vitreous, E. Earthy. 



The maxima of Ductility, Malleability, Hardness, and Fusibility, are = 1. 



The numbers in Column 6 denote intensity of shade of the same colour. 



The Atomic "N^'eights are those of the Hydrogen Scale. 



Tlie Specific Gravities were determined by the method indicated in Report, Trans. Brit. Ass. vol. vii., p. 283. 



The Ultimate Cohesion was determined on prisms of 0*25 of an inch square, without having been hammered or compressed after being cast. 

 The weights giveu are those which each prism just sustained for a few seconds before rupture. 



The Copper used iu these Alloys was granulated, and of the finest " Tough Pitch ;" the Zinc was Wosleman's, from Belgium ; and the Tin 

 " Grain Tin." fmm Cornwall. They were alloyed in a peculiar apparatus, to avoid loss by oxidation, and the resulting alloyverified by analysis. 



No simple Binary Alloy of Cu 4- Zn or of Cu ~ Sn works as pleasantly in turning, planing, or filing, as if combined with a very small pro- 

 portion of a third fusible metal, generally (Cu -i- Zn)" -!- Pb ; or (Cu + Sn)" + Zn. as is known to workers in metals. Statuary Bronzes are all 

 Ternary or (Quaternary Compounds, as are also most old cannon, from the accidental introduction of foreign metals. 



No 8, 4 Cu + Sn, is Lord Rosse's Speculum Metiil, which wuuld appear to gain brightness of colour and lustre by his method of chill-cast- 

 ing, and by increase of mass. 



