134 BIRDS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 
if for breath, and may then be approached and shot much more 
easily than at other times. When on the wing it occasionally utters 
short piercing cries. This Hornbill is almost omnivorous ; but its 
principal food consists of berries, young shoots, and insects.” 
Adult male.——Head and neck all round dark grey, with a tolerably 
broad white eyebrow produced to the nape, where the two join; rest 
of upper surface brown, mottled with white edgings to the feathers, 
especially down the centre of the mantle; the wing-coverts and 
secondaries brown, the primaries blacker, all broadly edged and 
tipped with buffy white ; tail black, broadly tipped with white, the 
two centre feathers more narrowly tipped and laterally rayed with 
brownish white ; under surface dull white, inclining to brown on the 
sides of the body and chest, the latter being narrowly striped with 
black shaft-lines; under wing-coverts ashy white, the quills dark 
brown below, inclining to white near the base of the inner web 3 
bill black, with a white streak on the upper mandible; legs dark 
olive brown; iris dark hazel (Buckley). Total length, 19 inches; 
wing, 8°6; tail, 8:5; tarsus, 1°6. 
The female has the bill red, with a much larger yellowish patel 
on the upper mandible than in the male: the base of the lower 
mandible black. This sex has generally been separated as a distinct 
species, but independent observers in different parts of Africa have 
now determined that the sexes of this Hornbill differ in the colour 
of the bill. 
Fig. Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. pls. 236, 237. 
Fam. UPUPIDZ. 
i 
124. Upura AFRICANA. South African Hoopoe. * 
Upupa minor, Layard, B.S. Afr. p. 72. 
genus Upupa by its entirely black quills, not to mention its deep 
rufous coloration and the absence of white on the crest-feathers. 
Tt is not found to our knowledge within the Table Mountain |} 
peninsula: the nearest spot whence we have received it being Swel- ‘| 
lendam. At the latter place we saw them in considerable numbers, ~ 
