394 BIRDS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 
375, LaAnrarius ERyTHROPTERUS, Shaw. 
Cape Red-winged Bush Shrike. 
Telephonus erythropterus, Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 161. 
Great confusion has always existed as to the species of Tchagra or 
Red-winged Bush Shrikes, but as was pointed out in the “ Ibis” for 
1870 (p. 460), by the author, the true Tchagra of Le Vaillant is the 
bird generally known as T'elephonus longirostris of Swainson. It may 
be distinguished from all the other Red-winged Bush Shrikes by 
the following characteristics:—Its uniform scapulars, which are 
not variegated with black, its perfectly brown head, its ash-coloured 
under tail-coverts, and its wing-feathers not margined internally 
with rufous. Total length, 8 inches; culmen, 1°05; wing, 3°25; 
tail, 3°75; tarsus, 11. Young birds are like the adult, but are every- 
where paler and are more olivaceous ; the wing coverts are washed 
with fulvous at the tip ; the eyebrow is washed with rufous ; the under 
surface of the body is ashy and the under tail-coverts are ashy fulvous. 
The present species is a true bird of the Cape Colony, being very 
“common at Nel’s Poort and Zootendals Vlei, and we have received 
the bird also from Swellendam and Colesberg, as well as from 
Grahamstown, but it does not seem to extend its range further 
eastward. 
Le Vaillant states that it lives only in the thickest brushwood and 
densest foliage, such haunts being most productive of its favourite 
food, which consists of the larvae and pupz of different insects. Its 
eggs, five in number, are marked with brown. 
Above brown; beneath cinereous; chin, ears, and stripe above 
the eye whitish; ears margined above by a black line; bill much 
lengthened, and slightly curved. Length, 83"; wing, 3”; tail, 4”. 
Fig. Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. pl. 70. 
376. Lanrarius senecaLus, Z. Common Red-winged Bush Shrike. 
Telephonus erythropterus, Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 160, 
This is the common Tchagra of the greater part of the African* 
* Laniarius cucullatus of Algeria is generally considered to be the same as 
L. senegalus, but this I now consider to be an error, as the Algerian bird has 
the ear-coverts ashy-brown, nearly the same colour as the flanks, whereas 
L. senegalus has the ear-coverts ochraceous brown, and the flanks ashy-grey —Zd, 
